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African Party for the Independence of Cape Verde

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Not to be confused with African Party for the Independence of Guinea and Cape Verde.
African Party for the Independence of Cape Verde
Partido Africano da Independência de Cabo Verde
AbbreviationPAICV
LeaderRui Semedo
SecretaryJulião Varela
FounderAristides Pereira
Founded20 January 1981; 43 years ago (1981-01-20)
Split fromPAIGC
HeadquartersPraia, Santiago Island, Cape Verde
Youth wingJuventude do PAICV (JPAI)
Women's wingFederação Nacional das Mulheres do PAICV (FNM–PAI)
Membership (2021)33,509[1]
Ideology
Political positionCentre-left to left-wing
International affiliationSocialist International
ColorsRed, green and yellow
     
Seats in the National Assembly
30 / 72
Party flag
Website
www.paicv.cv
PAICV headquarters in Praia

The African Party of Independence of Cape Verde (Portuguese: Partido Africano da Independência de Cabo Verde, PAICV) is a democratic socialist political party in Cape Verde. It was formerly a Marxist–Leninist communist party and the sole legal party in the country from 1981 to 1990. Its members are nicknamed "os tambarinas" (the tamarinds) in Portuguese, and they identify themselves with the color yellow.

History

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In 1956, its forerunner, the African Party for the Independence of Guinea and Cape Verde (PAIGC), was founded by the Cape Verdean nationalist leader Amílcar Cabral (born in Guinea-Bissau). PAIGC fought to overthrow the Portuguese Empire, unify Cape Verde and Guinea-Bissau, and use its vanguardism to advance socialist revolution.

From 1961 on, the PAIGC fought a guerrilla warfare campaign in cooperation with its fraternal party umbrella group, the CONCP, during the Portuguese Colonial War. By 1973 the PAIGC controlled Guinea-Bissau, while Portugal's own Carnation Revolution in 1974 effectively dissolved the empire, relinquishing Cape Verde within the next year.

After the wars of national liberation, the PAIGC established a socialist state within both territories under Amilcar Cabral's brother, Luís Cabral.

Establishment

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Following a military coup in Guinea-Bissau that ousted Cabral in November 1980, the Cape Verde portion of the party became the PAICV in January 1981; it was headed by the President of Cape Verde, Aristides Pereira.[2] The PAICV was Cape Verde's sole legal party from 1981 until the abolition of the one-party state in 1990.[3]

Multiparty democracy

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At an extraordinary party congress in February 1990, the PAICV approved the introduction of multiparty democracy. Pereira stepped down as General Secretary of PAICV in July 1990, and Prime Minister Pedro Pires replaced him in August 1990. The PAICV won 23 of the 79 National Assembly seats in the January 1991 multiparty parliamentary election, losing to the Movement for Democracy (MpD). Pereira was subsequently defeated in the February 1991 presidential election, and PAICV again fared poorly in the December 1991 local elections. At a party congress in August 1993, Pires was replaced as General Secretary by Aristides Lima and was instead elected as President of PAICV.[2]

The PAICV won 21 out of 72 National Assembly seats in the December 1995 parliamentary election.[2] At a PAICV congress in September 1997, Pires faced José Maria Neves in a leadership contest,[4] and Pires was elected with 68% of the vote.[5] Pires stepped down as PAICV President in 2000 in preparation for a presidential bid in the next year's election[6] and he was succeeded by Neves.[2]

2001 election

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In the presidential election held on 11 and 25 February 2001, PAICV candidate Pedro Pires, who won 46.52% of the vote in the first round, narrowly defeated the MpD's Carlos Veiga by a margin of only 12 votes in the run-off.[7]

2006 election

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In the parliamentary election held on 22 January 2006, PAICV won 52.28% of the popular vote and 41 out of 72 seats in the National Assembly.[7]

In the presidential election held on 12 February 2006, Pedro Pires again narrowly defeated Carlos Veiga, winning 50.98% of the vote.[7]

2011 election

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In the parliamentary election held on 7 February 2011, the PAICV led by Jose Maria Neves won 52.68% of the popular vote and 38 out of 72 seats in the National Assembly.[7]

In the presidential election held on 7 and 21 August 2011, Manuel Inocêncio Sousa lost to Jorge Carlos Fonseca (MpD) with 32.66% of the votes in the first round and 45.74% in the second round.[7]

2016 election

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PAICV lost 2016 presidential elections and president Jorge Carlos Fonseca was re-elected with very clear majority of the votes. PAICV even failed to forward a candidate.[8] Before that PAICV had lost the 2016 parliamentary election. The main opposition party Movement for Democracy (MpD) won the parliamentary elections, taking back power after 15 years.[9]

Ideology and affiliation

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The PAICV describes itself as democratic socialist[10] but began to trend towards social democracy in the 2010s.[11] The party has been placed as left-wing on the political spectrum.[12]

The party is a full member of the Socialist International.[2][13]

Electoral history

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Presidential elections

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Election Party candidate Votes % Votes % Result
First round Second round
1991 Aristides Pereira 25,544 26.6% – – Lost Red XN
1996 Did not participate
2001 Pedro Pires 61,646 46.52% 75,827 50.00% Elected Green tickY
2006 86,583 50.98% – – Elected Green tickY
2011 Manuel Inocêncio Sousa 52,612 32.66% 82,379 45.74% Lost Red XN
2016 Did not participate
2021 José Maria Neves 96,035 51.79% – – Elected Green tickY

National Assembly elections

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Election Party leader Votes % Seats +/– Position Result
1975 Aristides Pereira 100,835 95.6%
56 / 56
 Increase 56 Increase 1st Sole legal party
1980 141,244 93.0%
63 / 63
 Increase 7 Steady 1st Sole legal party
1985 92,865 94.0%
83 / 83
 Increase 20 Steady 1st Sole legal party
1991 39,673 33.6%
23 / 79
 Decrease 60 Decrease 2nd Opposition
1995 Pedro Pires 45,263 29.75%
21 / 72
 Decrease 2 Steady 2nd Opposition
2001 José Maria Neves 67,860 49.50%
40 / 72
 Increase 19 Increase 1st Majority government
2006 88,965 52.28%
41 / 72
 Increase 1 Steady 1st Majority government
2011 117,967 52.68%
38 / 72
 Decrease 3 Steady 1st Majority government
2016 Janira Hopffer Almada 86,078 38.16%
29 / 72
 Decrease 9 Decrease 2nd Opposition
2021 86,066 38.4%
30 / 72
 Increase 1 Steady 2nd Opposition

References

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  1. ^ "Rui Semedo eleito presidente do PAICV com cerca de 99% dos votos – resultados provisórios – FAAPA ENG".
  2. ^ a b c d e Political Parties of the World (6th edition, 2005), ed. Bogdan Szajkowski, page 113.
  3. ^ Trond Gilberg (1989) Coalition Strategies of Marxist Parties p. 239
  4. ^ "Cape Verde: Opposition party congress opens", Radio Renascenca, Lisbon, September 19, 1997.
  5. ^ "Cape Verde: Former PM elected leader of main opposition PAICV party", Radio Renascenca, Lisbon, September 22, 1997.
  6. ^ "Cape Verde: Town council leader to run for PAIGC party leadership", RDP Africa web site, May 29, 2000.
  7. ^ a b c d e Elections in Cape Verde African Elections Database
  8. ^ "Cape Verde President Fonseca on track to win re-election". Reuters. 3 October 2016. Retrieved 18 April 2021.
  9. ^ "Cape Verde opposition wins back parliament". Reuters. 21 March 2016. Retrieved 18 April 2021.
  10. ^ "Manual de Formação" [Training Manual] (PDF) (in Portuguese). African Party for the Independence of Cape Verde. July 2018. Retrieved 24 April 2021. Por tudo isso afirmamos os fundamentos ideológicos do PAICV, intrinsecamente ligados aos ideais do socialismo democrático. [For all these reasons, we affirm the ideological foundations of the PAICV, inextricably linked to the ideals of democratic socialism.]
  11. ^ Almeida, Sara (23 January 2021). "José Maria Neves: "Precisamos de um novo momento sísmico que leve à mudança de paradigmas"". Expresso das Ilhas. Archived from the original on 18 April 2021. Retrieved 18 October 2021.
  12. ^ "Opposition candidate Neves wins Cape Verde election". www.aljazeera.com. Retrieved 19 May 2022.
  13. ^ "Members". Socialist International.
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