1925 Canadian federal election

1925 Canadian federal election

October 29, 1925
245 seats in the House of Commons 123 seats needed for a majority
Turnout	66.4% (1.3pp)
First party Second party Third party   Leader Arthur Meighen W. L. Mackenzie King Robert Forke Party Conservative Liberal Progressive Leader since 1920 1919 1922 Leader's seat Grenville candidate in Portage la Prairie York North (lost re-election) Brandon Last election 49 118 58 Seats won 115 100 22 Seat change 66 18 36 Popular vote 1,454,253 1,252,684 266,319 Percentage 46.13% 39.74% 8.45% Swing 16.18pp 1.41pp 12.65pp   Fourth party Fifth party   Leader J. S. Woodsworth Herbert Greenfield Party Independent Labour United Farmers of Alberta Leader since 1921 1921 Leader's seat Winnipeg North Centre Did not run Last election 3 2 Seats won 2 2 Seat change 1 Popular vote 56,987 8,053 Percentage 1.81% 0.26% Swing 0.93pp 0.46pp
The Canadian parliament after the 1925 election
Prime Minister before election William Lyon Mackenzie King Liberal Prime Minister after election William Lyon Mackenzie King Liberal

The 1925 Canadian federal election was held on October 29, 1925 to elect members of the House of Commons of Canada of the 15th Parliament of Canada. The Conservative party took the most seats in the House of Commons, although not a majority. Prime Minister William Lyon Mackenzie King's Liberal Party was invited to form a minority government. Unlike the Conservative party, King's Liberals had the conditional support of the many Farmer/Progressive MPs.

The government fell the following year. Governor General Baron Byng of Vimy offered the Conservatives under Meighen a chance to form government. This too fell in short order. Byng's action precipitated the "King–Byng Affair", which became the main issue of the 1926 election.

Background

The previous federal election in 1921 had seen Mackenzie King's Liberals fall narrowly short of winning a parliamentary majority, with Arthur Meighen's Conservatives falling to being the third-largest party, and the new Progressive Party, which had nominated candidates for the first time that year, held the balance of power. King was able to rule with the tacit support of the Progressives, and was not facing a statutory federal election until December 1926; however, a budget proposed in September 1925 by finance minister William Stevens Fielding was unexpectedly voted down in parliament, obligating Mackenzie King to resign as Prime Minister and recommend to the Governor General, Baron Byng of Vimy to hold a new election (theoretically King could have recommended that Byng allow either Meighen or Progressive leader Robert Forke to form a government, but the Conservatives were far short of the number of MPs required to form a stable government, and Forke had no interest in being Prime Minister).

Aftermath and the King-Byng Affair

The Liberals won fewer seats than the Conservatives, who were left eight seats short of a majority. The Progressives lost almost two thirds of their seats from the previous election, but they still held enough seats to control the balance of power. King decided to hold on to power with the help of the Progressives. The Progressives were closely aligned with the Liberals and enabled King to form a minority government.

That plan was complicated by the fact that his party won fewer seats than the Conservatives and that King himself had lost his seat in the House of Commons. Meighen was outraged by King's move and demanded for King to resign from the Prime Minister's office. Byng privately agreed that the Conservatives should be allowed to form the next government and felt that the Liberal-Progressive pact was a corrupt bargain, but he found that there were no valid legal grounds for refusing to allow King to continue in office. King asked a Liberal Member of Parliament from Prince Albert, Saskatchewan, to resign so that he could run in the resulting by-election. Prince Albert was one of the safest seats in Canada for the Liberals, and King won easily.

With King back in Parliament, a huge scandal rocked the King cabinet when one of his appointees was discovered to be accepting bribes from a male lover. Anticipating a vote of censure by the Commons, King asked Byng to call an election. The Governor General refused, and King resigned on June 28, 1926. Meighen was then invited to form a government.

King claimed that was interference in Canadian politics by an official appointed by a foreign power. King showed rare fire and rallied the Progressives back into his camp. He defeated Meighen on a vote of confidence after only three days, which made the Meighen government of 1926 the shortest-lasting government in Canadian history. This time, Byng called an election.

National results

Party		Party leader	# of candidates	Seats			Popular vote
				1921	Elected	% Change	#	%	pp Change
	Conservative	Arthur Meighen	232	49	115	+132.7%	1,454,253	46.13%	+16.18
	Liberal	W. L. Mackenzie King	217	118	100	-15.3%	1,259,279	39.94%	-1.21
	Progressive	Robert Forke	68	58	22	-62.1%	266,319	8.45%	-12.65
	Labour	J.S. Woodsworth	20	3	2	-33.3%	56,987	1.81%	-0.93
	Independent		8	2	2	-	16,212	0.51%	-2.52
	United Farmers of Alberta		2	2	2	-	8,053	0.26%	-0.46
	Independent Liberal		10	-	1		31,140	0.99%	+0.90
	Independent Conservative		6	1	1	-	16,759	0.53%	+0.14
	Unknown		4	-	-	-	13, 998	0.65%	+0.16
	Liberal-Protectionist		2	*	-	*	6,915	0.22%	*
	Independent Liberal-Progressive		1	*	-	*	4,958	0.16%	*
	Labour-Farmer		2	*	-	*	4,774	0.15%	*
	Liberal–Progressive		1	*	-	*	3,319	0.11%	*
	Independent Labour		1	*	-	*	2,901	0.09%	*
	Socialist		1	-	-	-	1,888	0.06%	-0.04
	Independent Progressive		1	1	-	-100%	1,768	0.06%	-0.05
	Farmer		1	*	-	*	1,130	0.04%	*
	Progressive-Conservative		1	*	-	*	1,120	0.04%	*
	Farmer–Labour		1	*	-	*	762	0.02%	*
Total			579	235	245	+3.8%	3,152,525	100%
Sources: http://www.elections.ca -- History of Federal Ridings since 1867

Notes:

* not applicable - the party was not recognized in the previous election

Vote and seat summaries

Popular vote Conservative   46.13% Liberal   39.74% Progressive   8.45% Others   5.68%

Seat totals Conservative   46.94% Liberal   40.82% Progressive   8.98% Others   3.27%

Results by province

Party name			BC	AB	SK	MB	ON	QC	NB	NS	PE	YK	Total
	Conservative	Seats:	10	3	-	7	67	4	10	11	2	1	115
		Popular Vote (%):	49.3	31.8	25.4	41.3	56.3	34.2	59.7	56.4	33.1	59.4	46.1
	Liberal	Seats:	3	4	15	1	12	59	1	3	2	-	100
		Vote (%):	34.7	27.6	41.9	20.3	30.9	59.6	37.0	41.9	52.0	40.6	39.7
	Progressive	Seats:	-	7	6	7	2						22
		Vote (%):	6.1	26.5	31.8	25.1	8.8						8.5
	Labour	Seats:	-	-		2	-	-		-			2
		Vote:	6.3	6.1		9.6	1.2	0.2		1.6			1.8
	Independent	Seats:	1				-	1	-				2
		Vote (%):	2.6				0.6	1.4	0.8				0.5
	United Farmers of Alberta	Seats:		2									2
		Vote (%):		5.0									0.3
	Independent Liberal	Seats:						1					1
		Vote (%):						3.8					1.0
	Independent Conservative	Seats:					1						1
		Vote (%):					1.4						0.5
Total seats			14	16	21	17	82	65	11	14	4	1	245
Parties that won no seats:
	Unknown	Vote (%):			0.1		0.9	0.2			15.0		0.7
	Liberal-Protectionist	Vote (%):						0.9					0.2
	Independent Liberal-Progressive	Vote (%):							3.3				0.2
	Labour-Farmer	Vote (%):		3.0									0.2
	Liberal–Progressive	Vote (%):				1.9							0.1
	Independent Labour	Vote (%):				1.7							0.1
	Socialist	Vote (%):	1.0										0.1
	Independent Progressive	Vote (%):			0.9								0.1
	Farmer	Vote (%):						0.1					xx
	Progressive-Conservative	Vote (%):						0.1					xx
	Farmer–Labour	Vote (%):					0.1						xx

See also

• List of Canadian federal general elections
• List of political parties in Canada
• 15th Canadian Parliament

External links

• Principles vs Puffiness, by J.L. Granatstein