Jump to content

Back in Black

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
(Redirected from Back in black)

For this album's title track, see Back in Black (song). For other uses, see Back in Black (disambiguation). Not to be confused with Back to Black by Amy Winehouse.
Back in Black
A black cover with "AC/DC / BACK IN BLACK" in grey
Studio album by
AC/DC
Released25 July 1980 (1980-07-25)
RecordedApril–May 1980
StudioCompass Point (Nassau)
Genre
Length42:11
Label
ProducerRobert John "Mutt" Lange
AC/DC chronology
Highway to Hell
(1979) 		Back in Black
(1980) 		For Those About to Rock We Salute You
(1981)
Singles from Back in Black
  1. "You Shook Me All Night Long"
    Released: 15 August 1980 [1]
  2. "Hells Bells"
    Released: 31 October 1980 (EU)
  3. "Rock and Roll Ain't Noise Pollution"
    Released: November 1980 (UK)
  4. "Back in Black"
    Released: December 1980 (US)

Back in Black is the seventh studio album by Australian rock band AC/DC, released on 25 July 1980, by Albert Productions and Atlantic Records. It was the band's first album to feature Brian Johnson as lead singer, following the death of Bon Scott, their previous vocalist.

After the commercial breakthrough of their 1979 album Highway to Hell, AC/DC was planning to record a follow-up, but in February 1980, Scott died from alcohol poisoning after a drinking binge. The remaining members of the group considered disbanding, but ultimately chose to continue on and recruited Johnson, who had previously been the vocalist for Geordie.

The album was composed by Johnson and brothers Angus and Malcolm Young, and recorded over seven weeks in the Bahamas from April to May 1980 with producer Robert John "Mutt" Lange, who had also produced Highway to Hell. Following its completion, the group mixed Back in Black at Electric Lady Studios in New York City. The album's all-black cover was designed as a "sign of mourning" for Scott.

Back in Black was an unprecedented commercial and critical success. It has sold an estimated 50 million copies worldwide,[2][3][4][5] making it one of the best-selling albums in music history. AC/DC supported the album with a yearlong world tour that cemented them among the most popular music acts of the early 1980s. It has since been included on numerous "greatest albums" lists. On 21 August 2024, the album was certified 27x Platinum by the Recording Industry Association of America (RIAA), making it the third best-selling album in the United States and the best-selling album that never reached the top spot on the American charts.[6][7]

Background

[edit]
Bon Scott, the band's former vocalist, in December 1979.

Formed in 1973, AC/DC first broke into international markets in 1977 with their fourth album, Let There Be Rock,[8] and by 1979 they were poised for greater success with their sixth studio album, Highway to Hell. Producer Robert John "Mutt" Lange helped to make the band's sound more catchy and accessible, and Highway to Hell became their first gold album in the United States, selling over 500,000 copies, while also peaking at number 17 on that country's pop charts and number eight in the United Kingdom.[8]

As the new decade approached, the group set off for the UK and France for the final leg of the Highway to Hell Tour,[9] planning to begin recording their next album shortly after playing those dates. On 19 February 1980, vocalist Bon Scott went on a drinking binge in a London pub that caused him to lose consciousness, so a friend let him rest in the back of his Renault 5 overnight. The next morning, Scott was found unresponsive and rushed to King's College Hospital, where medical personnel pronounced him dead on arrival. The coroner ruled that pulmonary aspiration of vomit was the cause of Scott's death, but the official cause was listed on the death certificate as "acute alcoholic poisoning" and classified as "death by misadventure". Scott was cremated, and his ashes were interred by his family at Fremantle Cemetery in Fremantle, Western Australia.[10] The loss devastated the band, who considered breaking up, but friends and family persuaded them to carry on.[11]

After Scott's funeral on 1 March, the band immediately began auditions for a replacement frontman. At the advice of Lange, they brought in Geordie singer Brian Johnson, who impressed the group.[12] The band begrudgingly worked through the rest of the list of applicants in the following days, and then brought Johnson back for a second rehearsal.[13] On 29 March, to Johnson's surprise, Malcolm Young called the singer to offer him the job.[14]

Recording and production

[edit]
Back in Black was the first AC/DC album to feature Brian Johnson (pictured in 1982) as lead singer.

As AC/DC commenced writing new material for the followup to Highway to Hell, vocalist Bon Scott, who began his career as a drummer with The Spektors, played the drums on demo recordings of "Let Me Put My Love into You" and "Have a Drink on Me".[15] In a 2021 interview with Paste, Angus Young claimed this was the full extent of Scott's contributions to Back in Black (though, at this point, he said the demos on which Scott played drums were of "Hells Bells" and "Have a Drink on Me").[16]

Three weeks of rehearsals for Back in Black were scheduled at London's E-Zee Hire Studios, but the rehearsals were cut to one week when an opening came up at Compass Point Studios in Nassau, in the Bahamas. Although the band had wanted to record their next effort in the UK, there were no studios available, and the Bahamas presented a nice tax advantage,[17] so Back in Black was recorded at Compass Point from mid-April to May 1980 with producer "Mutt" Lange. Johnson recalled that "It was hardly any kind of studio, we were in these little concrete cells, comfy mind, you had a bed and a chair. And this big old black lady ran the whole place. Oh, she was fearsome, she ruled that place with a rod of iron. We had to lock the doors at night because she'd warned us about these Haitians who'd come down at night and rob the place. So she bought us all these six-foot fishing spears to keep at the fucking door! It was a bit of a stretch from Newcastle, I can tell you."[18]

Around the time of the band's arrival in the Bahamas, the area was hit by several tropical storms, which wreaked havoc on the electricity at Compass Point. Johnson referenced the bad weather on the opening lines of "Hells Bells": "I'm rolling thunder, pourin' rain. I'm comin' on like a hurricane. My lightning's flashing across the sky. You're only young but you're gonna die."[19] In addition, some of the group's equipment was initially held up by customs, while other gear was slowly freighted over from the UK.[20]

Having never recorded with the group, Johnson felt pressure during the process, and he also reported having trouble adjusting to the environment. Lange focused particular attention on Johnson's vocals, demanding perfection out of each take.[21]

It was like, 'Again, Brian, again – hold on, you sang that note too long so there's no room for a breath'. He wouldn't let anything go past him. He had this thing where he didn't want people to listen to the album down the road and say there's no way someone could sing that, they've dropped that in, even the breaths had to be in the right place. And you cannot knock a man for that, but he drove me nuts. I'd be sitting there going, 'Arrggghh!'

— Brian Johnson
Back in Black was recorded in Nassau, the capital of The Bahamas.

The general attitude during recording was optimistic, though engineer Tony Platt was dismayed to find the rooms at Compass Point were not sonically complementary to the group's sound, which was designed to be very dry and compact.[22] A humorous anecdote from the sessions involved a take being interrupted by a crab shuffling across the studio's wooden floor.[23] Angus Young's particular guitar sound on the album was achieved, in part, through the use of the Schaffer–Vega diversity system, a wireless guitar device designed by Ken Schaffer that provided a signal boost and was reissued as a separate guitar effect in 2014.[24][25]

Near the end of the recording process, the band asked manager Ian Jeffery to find a bell to include on the album.[26] Jeffery located a foundry to produce the bell, but, with seven weeks having already gone by, he suggested Platt instead record the bells of a nearby church. Platt did so, but these recordings did not suffice, due to the sound of a flurry of birds flying away that accompanied each peal of the bells. The foundry brought forward production on the bell, which turned out perfectly tuned, and it was recorded with Ronnie Lane's Mobile Studio.[27] Following the completion of recording, Back in Black was mixed at Electric Lady Studios in New York City.[28]

According to Angus Young, the album's all-black cover was a "sign of mourning" for Scott. Atlantic Records disliked the cover, but accepted it, on the condition that the band put a grey outline around the AC/DC logo.[19]

Release and promotion

[edit]

Back in Black was first released in the United States on 25 July 1980. Its release in the United Kingdom and the rest of Europe followed on 31 July, and it was released in Australia on 11 August.[29] The album was an immediate commercial success, debuting at number one on the British albums chart and reaching number four on the American chart, which Rolling Stone called "an exceptional showing for a heavy-metal album".[30] It topped the British chart for two weeks, and remained in the top 10 of the American chart for more than five months. In Australia, the album reached number one on the ARIA Charts in March 1981.[29]

After Back in Black was released, AC/DC's previous records Highway to Hell, If You Want Blood You've Got It, and Let There Be Rock all re-entered the British charts, which made them the first band since The Beatles to have four albums in the British Top 100 simultaneously.[31] Back in Black's American success prompted Atlantic, the band's US record company, to release their 1976 album Dirty Deeds Done Dirt Cheap for the first time in the US, and in May 1981 Dirty Deeds reached number three on the US chart, surpassing Back in Black's peak position.[29]

To promote the album, music videos were filmed for "You Shook Me All Night Long", "Hells Bells", the title track, "Rock and Roll Ain't Noise Pollution", "Let Me Put My Love into You", and "What Do You Do for Money Honey", though only the first four of those songs were released as singles.[29] "You Shook Me All Night Long" became AC/DC's first Top 40 hit in the US, peaking at number 35 on the Billboard Hot 100.[31]

On August 21, 2024, the album was certified 27× multi-platinum by the RIAA, denoting 27 million American sales.[7] This placed it sixth on the list of the best-selling albums in the US.[7] Worldwide, it has sold 50 million copies, leading Mark Beaumont of NME to call it "the biggest selling hard rock album ever made";[32] rock historian Brock Helander had previously called it "ostensibly the best-selling [...] heavy-metal album in history".[33]

Critical reception

[edit]
Retrospective professional reviews
Review scores
SourceRating
AllMusic[34]
Blender[35]
Christgau's Record GuideB−[36]
The Encyclopedia of Popular Music[37]
The Great Rock Discography8/10[38]
MusicHound Rock[39]
Pitchfork8.8/10[40]
Rolling Stone[41]
The Rolling Stone Album Guide[42]
Spin Alternative Record Guide8/10[43]

Reviewing the album for Rolling Stone in 1980, David Fricke regarded it as "not only the best of AC/DC's six American albums", but also "the apex of heavy-metal art: the first LP since Led Zeppelin II that captures all the blood, sweat and arrogance of the genre."[44] Red Starr of Smash Hits was more critical, saying he found the songs indistinguishable from one another and marred by hypermasculine fantasies, rock music stock phrases, garish guitar, and dull rhythms, on "yet another triumph for lowest common denominator headbanging—the new thoroughly predictable, thoroughly dreadful AC/DC album", and gave Back in Black a score of 3 out of 10.[45]

In a retrospective review, Rolling Stone critic Christian Hoard praised the album as the band's greatest work, possibly "the leanest and meanest record of all time—balls-out arena rock that punks could love."[41] Barry Walters from Rolling Stone said Back in Black "still sounds thoroughly timeless, the essence of unrepentantly simple but savagely crafted hard rock" and called the album "a celebration of thrashing, animal sex", though he observed "mean-spirited sexism" on songs such as "What Do You Do for Money Honey" and "Given the Dog a Bone".[46] Robert Christgau was less enthusiastic, writing in Christgau's Record Guide: The '80s (1990) that he found the band somewhat too "primitive" and their sexual imagery "unimaginative", and that, on the album, "Angus Young does come up with killer riffs, though not as consistently as a refined person like myself might hope, and lead singer Brian Johnson sings like there's a cattle prod at his scrotum, just the thing for fans who can't decide whether their newfound testosterone is agony or ecstasy."[36]

Writing in 2011, Kitty Empire of The Observer admitted the album is "a preposterous, drongoid record [...] built on casual sexism, eye-rolling double entendres, a highly questionable attitude to sexual consent ('Don't you struggle/ Don't you fight/ Don't you worry/ Cos it's your turn tonight') a penchant for firearms, and a crass celebration of the unthinking macho hedonism that killed the band's original singer", but, nonetheless, concurred with Fricke's original view of the album as a heavy metal masterpiece and named it her favourite album ever, "the obsessive soundtrack of my adolescence, the racy middle-brow thriller that spoke to me both as a tomboy who wanted to be one of the guys, and the increasingly female ingenue who needed to work out the world of men. Plus teenagers love death."[47]

The album is featured on many "best of" lists. Rolling Stone ranked it number 26 on their 1989 list of the "100 Best Albums of the Eighties", and number 73 on their 2003 list of "The 500 Greatest Albums of All Time"[48] (it was number 77 on the 2012 revised list[49] and number 84 on the 2020 list),[50] while the title track was ranked number 190 on their list of the "500 Greatest Songs of All Time".[51] VH1 ranked Back in Black number 82 on their 2001 list of the "Top 100 Albums",[52] and the title track was ranked number 2 on their list of the "100 Greatest Hard Rock Songs". Q ranked the album number 9 on their 2006 list of the "40 Best Albums of the '80s",[53] Time included it in their 2010 "All-TIME 100 Albums" list,[54] and Rolling Stone Australia ranked it number one on their December 2021 list of the "200 Greatest Australian Albums of All Time".[55] In 2005, the album was included in the book 1001 Albums You Must Hear Before You Die,[56] and it was listed at number 2 in the 2010 book 100 Best Australian Albums.[57] Apple Music listed Back in Black as 90th pick for their 100 Best Albums list in 2024.[58]

Lyrics controversy

[edit]

Five months after Bon Scott's death, AC/DC finished the work they had begun with him; they released Back in Black as a tribute to him, but his name did not appear in the writing credits. The issue of whether Scott's lyrics were used, uncredited, on the album remains an enduring topic of debate.

In author Jesse Fink's biography, Bon: The Last Highway, Scott's girlfriend Margaret "Silver" Smith (died 2006) claims Scott called her on the evening before his death to invite her out to celebrate writing lyrics for Back in Black. Smith told Fink, "I’ve never sat down and listened to [Back in Black] but the night that he died that was why he wanted to go out. He'd finished [the lyrics]. I'd been around for the writing of a few albums by then so he knew that I knew what his pattern was. He would write away from the band. If they were in the studio he'd be up in the kitchen, a couple of floors away or something; pretty much just stay there by himself ... that's why he wanted to go out. 'I’ve finally bloody finished it. It's done.'"[59]: 321 

Fink also produced quotes from Vince Lovegrove, who stated that Scott's family receives royalties for Back in Black.[59]: 323–324  Another girlfriend of Scott's, "Holly X" (a pseudonym), also claims Scott wrote the song "You Shook Me All Night Long".[59]: 336–337 

Fink also produces interview quotes from Angus Young, in some of which he admitted that Scott's lyrics were at least partly used, and others in which he denied it. In a 1991 interview with Kerrang! magazine, Young was asked by journalist Paul Elliott, "Who wrote the lyrics on [‘Given The Dog A Bone’] and the others on Back in Black? Bon, or Brian, or both?" Young replied, "Bon wrote a little of the stuff."[59]: 318  He also stated in 1998, "We had songs that he had written and we wanted to finish the songs."[59]: 318  However, in other interviews in 1981, 1996, 1998 and 2000, Young denied that any lyrics on the album were written by Scott.[59]: 319  In 2005, he said, "There was nothing [on Back in Black] from Bon's notebook."[59]: 319 

The Senior Vice President of Atlantic Records in London from 1968 to 1985, Phil Carson, stated, "[Johnson] wrote all the lyrics. It's fucking stupid to say anything else."[59]: 317 

The official credits on the album were and remain "Young/Young/Johnson". In 2022, Johnson released his autobiography, The Lives of Brian, and denied Scott had written lyrics for Back in Black. He stated, "The conspiracy theories are legion – usually started by people who think they know but weren't there... it was me at the end of the pen, writing every night and every morning, with only the title to work with. That's what happened. That's the truth and I really hope that settles it."[60]: 307–308  Johnson made particular reference to writing the lyrics to "You Shook Me All Night Long", "Have a Drink on Me", "Hells Bells" and "Back in Black", and stated that he was given nothing more than a riff and a title to work with.[60]: 308–315  He also said that the title of the song "Rock 'n' Roll Ain't Noise Pollution" had come directly from a story Scott had told the rest of the band.[60]: 318 

Legacy and influence

[edit]

Back in Black is an influential hard rock and heavy metal album.[61] According to Tim Jonze of The Guardian, it has been hailed by some as "a high watermark" for heavy metal music.[62] NME regarded it as an important release in 1980s metal and heavy rock, naming it one of the 20 best metal albums of its decade,[63] while The Daily Telegraph ranked it as one of the 20 greatest heavy metal albums of all time.[64] Paul Brannigan of Metal Hammer cited it as one of the ten albums that helped reestablish the genre's global popularity in 1980, which he called "the greatest year for heavy metal".[65] In 2005, it was ranked number one on Rock Hard's list of the "500 Greatest Rock & Metal Albums of All Time".[66]

According to rock journalist Joe S. Harrington, Back in Black was released at a time when heavy metal stood at a turning point between a decline and a revival, as most bands in the genre were playing slower tempos and longer guitar solos, while AC/DC and Van Halen adopted punk rock's "high-energy implications" and "constricted their songs into more pop-oriented blasts". Harrington credited producer Lange for drawing AC/DC further away from the blues-oriented rock of their previous albums, and toward a more dynamic attack that concentrated and harmonized each element of the band: "the guitars were compacted into a singular statement of rhythmic efficiency, the rhythm section provided the thunderhorse overdrive, and vocalist Johnson belowed and brayed like the most unhinged practitioner of bluesy top-man dynamics since vintage Robert Plant." The resulting music, along with contemporaneous records by Motörhead and Ozzy Osbourne, helped revitalize and reintroduce metal to a younger generation of listeners, "eventually resulting in the punk-metal crossover personified by Metallica and others."[67] In 1,000 Recordings to Hear Before You Die (2008), Tom Moon said Back in Black's "lean mean arena rock" and the production's "delicate balance of power and finesse [...] defined the commercial side of heavy music for years after its release."[68]

Lange's production for the album has had an enduring impact in the music industry. Harrington wrote that "to this day, producers still use it as the de facto paint-by-numbers guidebook for how a hard-rock record should sound",[67] and, in the years after its release, studios in Nashville would use it to check the acoustics of a room, while Motörhead would use it to tune their sound system.[69] American death metal group Six Feet Under recorded a cover of the entire album under the title Graveyard Classics 2.[70]

Track listing

[edit]

All tracks are written by Angus Young, Malcolm Young and Brian Johnson.

Side A
No.TitleLength
1."Hells Bells"5:10
2."Shoot to Thrill"5:17
3."What Do You Do for Money Honey"3:33
4."Given the Dog a Bone"3:30
5."Let Me Put My Love into You"4:16
Side B
No.TitleLength
6."Back in Black"4:15
7."You Shook Me All Night Long"3:30
8."Have a Drink on Me"3:57
9."Shake a Leg"4:06
10."Rock and Roll Ain't Noise Pollution"4:15
Total length:42:11
  • According to the official AC/DC website and most worldwide releases, track four is "Given the Dog a Bone".[71][72] On some albums, particular Australian releases, and also in the iTunes Store, it is sometimes shown as either "Giving the Dog a Bone" or "Givin the Dog a Bone".[73][74]

Personnel

[edit]

AC/DC

Production

Charts

[edit]

Certifications

[edit]
Certifications for Back in Black
Region Certification Certified units/sales
Argentina (CAPIF)[117] 3× Platinum 180,000^
Australia (ARIA)[119] 12× Platinum 920,000[118]
Austria (IFPI Austria)[120] Platinum 50,000*
Brazil (Pro-Música Brasil)[121] Gold 100,000‡
Canada (Music Canada)[122] Diamond 1,000,000^
Denmark (IFPI Danmark)[123] 3× Platinum 60,000‡
France (SNEP)[124] 2× Platinum 600,000*
Germany (BVMI)[125] 2× Platinum 1,000,000^
Italy (FIMI)[126]
sales since 2009 		3× Platinum 150,000‡
New Zealand (RMNZ)[127] 6× Platinum 90,000‡
Poland (ZPAV)[128] Gold 10,000‡
Spain (PROMUSICAE)[129] Gold 50,000^
Switzerland (IFPI Switzerland)[130] 2× Platinum 100,000^
United Kingdom (BPI)[131] 2× Platinum 600,000‡
United States (RIAA)[7] 27× Platinum 27,000,000‡

* Sales figures based on certification alone.
^ Shipments figures based on certification alone.
‡ Sales+streaming figures based on certification alone.

See also

[edit]

References

[edit]
  1. ^ "AC/DC - You Shook Me All Night Long". ARIA Top 50 Singles. Retrieved 19 August 2022.
  2. ^ Ma, Kai (6 June 2011). "Heavy Metal Under the Sea: Sharks Act Calmer When Listening to AC/DC". Time. Retrieved 5 June 2014.
  3. ^ Sutcliffe, Phil (2010). AC/DC: High-Voltage Rock 'n' Roll: The Ultimate Illustrated History. Voyageur Press.
  4. ^ McNamee, Gregory (24 August 2010). "AC/DC, "Back in Black" (Great Moments in Pop Music History)". Encyclopædia Britannica, Inc. Archived from the original on 21 August 2014.
  5. ^ Mierendorf, Mike (2 August 2012). "Cultural Impact: AC/DC – 'Back in Black'". Cultural Transmogrifier Magazine. Archived from the original on 24 January 2013.
  6. ^ "AC/DC's Back in Black Certified 25x Platinum". Kerrang!. 9 December 2019. Retrieved 30 December 2019.
  7. ^ a b c d "American album certifications – AC/DC – Back in Black". Recording Industry Association of America. Retrieved 21 August 2024.
  8. ^ a b "AC/DC – Artist Biography". AllMusic. Retrieved 10 February 2015.
  9. ^ Engleheart & Durieux 2008, p. 287.
  10. ^ Engleheart & Durieux 2008, p. 299.
  11. ^ Engleheart & Durieux 2008, p. 297.
  12. ^ Engleheart & Durieux 2008, p. 309.
  13. ^ Engleheart & Durieux 2008, p. 317–18.
  14. ^ Engleheart & Durieux 2008, p. 319–20.
  15. ^ Kielty, Martin (21 August 2020). "Angus Young Still Suffers from Stage Fright / 40 Facts About AC/DC's 'Back in Black' / Bon Scott played drums on some of the demos". Ultimate Classic Rock. Retrieved 22 August 2020.
  16. ^ Wilkening, Matthew (22 February 2021). "Angus Young Shoots Down Bon Scott 'Back in Black' Rumors". Ultimate Classic Rock. Retrieved 22 February 2021.
  17. ^ Engleheart & Durieux 2008, p. 324.
  18. ^ Wilding, Philip (25 July 2017). "AC/DC's Back In Black: the story behind the album". Classic Rock. Retrieved 19 December 2019.
  19. ^ a b "Back in Black 30th Anniversary". Fanclub.acdc.com. Archived from the original on 26 April 2015.
  20. ^ Engleheart & Durieux 2008, p. 325.
  21. ^ Engleheart & Durieux 2008, p. 329.
  22. ^ Engleheart & Durieux 2008, p. 327.
  23. ^ Engleheart & Durieux 2008, p. 330.
  24. ^ Molenda, Michael (June 2015). "The Schaffer Replica Pedal". Vintage Guitar. p. 124.
  25. ^ Molenda, Michael (May 2015). "Solving the Mystery of Angus Young's Classic Back in Black Tone". Vintage Guitar. pp. 50–51.
  26. ^ Engleheart & Durieux 2008, p. 331.
  27. ^ Engleheart & Durieux 2008, p. 332.
  28. ^ Back in Black (liner notes). AC/DC. US: Atlantic Records. 1980. SD 16018.{{cite AV media notes}}: CS1 maint: others in cite AV media (notes) (link)
  29. ^ a b c d Wilding, Philip (25 July 2017). "The Story Behind the Album: AC/DC's Back in Black". Classic Rock. Retrieved 9 December 2018.
  30. ^ "26: AC/DC, 'Back in Black'". Rolling Stone. 16 November 1989. Retrieved 29 May 2012.
  31. ^ a b Engleheart, Murray; Durieux, Arnaud (2006). AC/DC: Maximum Rock & Roll. HarperCollins. p. 339. ISBN 0-7322-8383-3.
  32. ^ Beaumont, Mark (24 July 2015). "10 Things You Might Not Know About AC/DC's 'Back in Black'". NME. Retrieved 6 August 2018.
  33. ^ Helander, Brock (1996). The Rock Who's Who (2nd ed.). Schirmer Books. p. 5. ISBN 0028710312.
  34. ^ Erlewine, Stephen Thomas. "AC/DC – Back in Black". AllMusic. Retrieved 20 June 2012.
  35. ^ "AC/DC – Back in Black". Blender. Archived from the original on 9 April 2007.
  36. ^ a b Christgau, Robert (1990). "AC/DC". Christgau's Record Guide: The '80s. Pantheon Books. p. 28. ISBN 0-679-73015-X. Retrieved 29 July 2018.
  37. ^ Larkin, Colin, ed. (2007). The Encyclopedia of Popular Music (5th Concise ed.). United Kingdom: Omnibus Press. p. 34. ISBN 978-1-84609-856-7.
  38. ^ Strong, Martin C. (2004). The Great Rock Discography. New York: Canongate. p. 9. OL 18807297M.
  39. ^ Graff, Gary; Durchholz, Daniel, eds. (1999). "AC/DC". MusicHound Rock: The Essential Album Guide. Farmington Hills, MI: Visible Ink Press. ISBN 1-57859-061-2.
  40. ^ Kandell, Steve (16 June 2019). "AC/DC: Back in Black". Pitchfork. Retrieved 21 June 2019.
  41. ^ a b Hoard, Christian (10 February 2005). "AC/DC – Back In Black". Rolling Stone. Retrieved 20 June 2012.
  42. ^ Coleman, Mark; Ryan, Chris (2004). "AC/DC". In Brackett, Nathan; Hoard, Christian (eds.). The Rolling Stone Album Guide (4th ed.). Simon & Schuster. p. 4. ISBN 0-7432-0169-8.
  43. ^ Stovall, Natasha (1995). "AC/DC". In Weisbard, Eric; Marks, Craig (eds.). Spin Alternative Record Guide. New York: Vintage Books. p. 5. ISBN 0679755748.
  44. ^ Fricke, David (27 November 1980). "AC/DC – Back In Black". Rolling Stone. Retrieved 20 June 2012.
  45. ^ Starr, Red. "Albums". Smash Hits. No. 21 August – 3 September 1980. p. 30. Retrieved 29 July 2018.
  46. ^ Walters, Barry (27 September 2002). "AC/DC – Back In Black". Rolling Stone. Retrieved 20 June 2012.
  47. ^ Empire, Kitty (5 August 2011). "My favourite album: Back in Black by AC/DC". The Observer. Retrieved 6 August 2018.
  48. ^ "500 Greatest Albums of All Time : 73 – Back in Black - AC/DC". Rolling Stone. Archived from the original on 2 June 2011.
  49. ^ "500 Greatest Albums of All Time". Rolling Stone. 31 May 2012. Retrieved 23 September 2019.
  50. ^ "The 500 Greatest Albums of All Time". Rolling Stone. 22 September 2020. Retrieved 9 October 2021.
  51. ^ "500 Greatest Songs of All Time – 190: AC/DC, 'Back in Black'". Rolling Stone. Retrieved 29 May 2012.
  52. ^ "The Top 100 Albums by VH1 (2001)". VH1. Retrieved 29 May 2012 – via Best Ever Albums.
  53. ^ Q. No. 241. August 2006. {{cite magazine}}: Missing or empty |title= (help)
  54. ^ Tyrangiel, Josh (25 January 2010). "All-Time 100 Albums: Back in Black". Time. Retrieved 27 March 2020.
  55. ^ "Rolling Stone's 200 Greatest Australian Albums of All Time". Rolling Stone Australia. 6 December 2021. Retrieved 21 February 2022.
  56. ^ "1001 Albums You Must Hear – 2008 Edition". Rocklist.net. Retrieved 29 May 2012.
  57. ^ O'Donnell, John; Creswell, Toby; Mathieson, Craig (October 2010). 100 Best Australian Albums. Prahran, Vic: Hardie Grant Books. ISBN 978-1-74066-955-9.
  58. ^ "Apple Music 100 Best Albums". Apple Music 100 Best Albums. Retrieved 25 May 2024.
  59. ^ a b c d e f g h Fink, Jesse (2017). Bon: The Last Highway. Edinburgh: Black & White Publishing. ISBN 9781785301384.
  60. ^ a b c Johnson, Brian (2022). The Lives of Brian. London: Penguin Random House. ISBN 9780241446409.
  61. ^ Clifford-Napoleone, Amber R. (2015). "Black Leather". Queerness in Heavy Metal Music: Metal Bent. Routledge Studies in Popular Music. Routledge. ISBN 978-1317916543.
  62. ^ Jonze, Tim (14 April 2009). "A handy guide to heavy metal". The Guardian. Retrieved 7 August 2018.
  63. ^ "The 20 Best 80's Metal Albums". NME. 15 April 2018. Retrieved 7 August 2018.
  64. ^ "AC/DC: Back in Black – Top 20 Heavy Metal Albums". The Daily Telegraph. 25 September 2015. Archived from the original on 12 January 2022. Retrieved 6 August 2018.
  65. ^ Brannigan, Paul (4 February 2016). "Why 1980 was the greatest year for heavy metal". Metal Hammer. Retrieved 7 August 2018.
  66. ^ Kühnemund, Götz (2005). "Back in Black". In Rensen, Michael (ed.). Best of Rock & Metal - Die 500 stärksten Scheiben aller Zeiten [The 500 Greatest Albums of All Time] (in German). Rock Hard. p. 230. ISBN 3-89880-517-4. Retrieved 25 June 2024.
  67. ^ a b Harrington, Joe S. (2003). "Back in Black". In Hoye, Jacob (ed.). VH-1's 100 Greatest Albums. Simon & Schuster. pp. 81–82. ISBN 0743448766.
  68. ^ Moon, Tom (2008). 1,000 Recordings to Hear Before You Die: A Listener's Life List. Workman Publishing. p. 5. ISBN 978-0761139638.
  69. ^ Engleheart, Murray; Durieux, Arnaud (2006). AC/DC: Maximum Rock & Roll. HarperCollins Publishers. p. 337. ISBN 0-7322-8383-3.
  70. ^ Kergan, Wade. "Six Feet Under – Graveyard Classics, Vol. 2". AllMusic. Retrieved 28 November 2015.
  71. ^ "Back in Black – Track Listings". Acdc.com. Archived from the original on 31 January 2013.
  72. ^ "US CD version of Back in Black". Acdc-discography.com. Archived from the original on 4 March 2012. Retrieved 30 May 2012.
  73. ^ "Australian CD version of Back in Black". Acdc-discography.com. Archived from the original on 8 September 2011. Retrieved 3 September 2011.
  74. ^ "US 2003 CD version of Back in Black". Amazon.com. Retrieved 17 September 2018.
  75. ^ Kent, David (1993). Australian Chart Book 1970–1992 (illustrated ed.). St Ives, NSW: Australian Chart Book. p. 11. ISBN 0-646-11917-6.
  76. ^ "Austriancharts.at – AC/DC – Back In Black" (in German). Hung Medien. Retrieved 5 June 2014.
  77. ^ "Top RPM Albums: Issue 0298". RPM. Library and Archives Canada. Retrieved 12 May 2015.
  78. ^ "Danishcharts.dk – AC/DC – Back In Black". Hung Medien. Retrieved 5 June 2014.
  79. ^ "Dutchcharts.nl – AC/DC – Back In Black" (in Dutch). Hung Medien. Retrieved 5 June 2014.
  80. ^ "AC/DC: Back In Black" (in Finnish). Musiikkituottajat – IFPI Finland. Retrieved 5 June 2014.
  81. ^ a b "Les Albums (CD) de 1980 par InfoDisc". InfoDisc. Archived from the original on 9 January 2016.
  82. ^ "Offiziellecharts.de – AC/DC – Back In Black" (in German). GfK Entertainment Charts. Retrieved 22 March 2024.
  83. ^ "Album Top 40 slágerlista (fizikai hanghordozók) – 2024. 12. hét". MAHASZ. Retrieved 28 March 2024.
  84. ^ "Charts.nz – AC/DC – Back In Black". Hung Medien. Retrieved 5 June 2014.
  85. ^ "Norwegiancharts.com – AC/DC – Back In Black". Hung Medien. Retrieved 5 June 2014.
  86. ^ "Oficjalna lista sprzedaży :: OLiS - Official Retail Sales Chart". OLiS. Polish Society of the Phonographic Industry. Retrieved 22 September 2022.
  87. ^ "Spanishcharts.com – AC/DC – Back In Black". Hung Medien. Retrieved 5 June 2014.
  88. ^ "Swedishcharts.com – AC/DC – Back In Black". Hung Medien. Retrieved 5 June 2014.
  89. ^ "Swisscharts.com – AC/DC – Back In Black". Hung Medien. Retrieved 24 March 2024.
  90. ^ "Official Albums Chart Top 100". Official Charts Company. Retrieved 5 June 2014.
  91. ^ "Official Rock & Metal Albums Chart Top 40". Official Charts Company. Retrieved 22 March 2024.
  92. ^ "Back in Black – Awards". AllMusic. Archived from the original on 7 May 2016. Retrieved 5 June 2014.
  93. ^ "AC DC Chart History (Top Rock Albums)". Billboard. Retrieved 21 September 2021.
  94. ^ "Top 100 Album-Jahrescharts: 1980" (in German). GfK Entertainment. Retrieved 8 April 2021.
  95. ^ Kent, David (1993). Australian Chart Book 1970–1992 (illustrated ed.). St Ives, N.S.W.: Australian Chart Book. p. 433. ISBN 0-646-11917-6.
  96. ^ "Top 100 Albums of 1981". RPM. Vol. 35, no. 22. 26 December 1981. Retrieved 5 June 2014.
  97. ^ "Top 100 Album-Jahrescharts: 1981". Offiziellecharts.de (in German). GfK Entertainment. Archived from the original on 9 May 2015.
  98. ^ "Year-End Charts – Billboard 200 Albums: 1981". Billboard. Retrieved 8 April 2021.
  99. ^ "Top 100 Metal Albums of 2002". Jam!. Archived from the original on 12 August 2004.
  100. ^ "Year-End Charts: Billboard 200 Albums". Billboard. Retrieved 6 March 2020.
  101. ^ "Year-End Charts – Billboard 200 Albums: 2016". Billboard. Retrieved 8 April 2021.
  102. ^ "Year-End Charts – Top Rock Albums: 2017". Billboard. Retrieved 8 April 2021.
  103. ^ "Year-End Charts – Billboard 200 Albums: 2018". Billboard. Retrieved 8 April 2021.
  104. ^ "Year-End Charts – Top Rock Albums: 2018". Billboard. Retrieved 8 April 2021.
  105. ^ "Year-End Charts – Billboard 200 Albums: 2019". Billboard. Retrieved 8 April 2021.
  106. ^ "Year-End Charts – Top Rock Albums: 2019". Billboard. Retrieved 8 April 2021.
  107. ^ "Årslista Album, 2020" (in Swedish). Sverigetopplistan. Retrieved 20 January 2021.
  108. ^ "Year-End Charts: Billboard 200 Albums". Billboard. Retrieved 7 December 2020.
  109. ^ "Year-End Charts – Top Rock Albums: 2020". Billboard. Retrieved 8 April 2021.
  110. ^ "Årslista Album, 2021". Sverigetopplistan. Retrieved 14 January 2022.
  111. ^ "Year-End Charts: Billboard 200 Albums – 2021". Billboard. Retrieved 3 December 2021.
  112. ^ "Year-End Charts: Top Rock Albums – 2021". Billboard. Retrieved 3 December 2021.
  113. ^ "Year-End Charts: Billboard 200 Albums – 2022". Billboard. Retrieved 3 December 2022.
  114. ^ "Year-End Charts: Top Rock Albums – 2022". Billboard. Retrieved 3 December 2022.
  115. ^ "Billboard 200 Albums – Year-End 2023". Billboard. Retrieved 23 November 2023.
  116. ^ "Top Rock Albums – Year-End 2023". Billboard. Retrieved 23 November 2023.
  117. ^ "Discos de Oro y Platino" (in Spanish). Cámara Argentina de Productores de Fonogramas y Videogramas. Archived from the original on 31 May 2011. Retrieved 7 December 2019.
  118. ^ Dale, David (10 January 2013). "The Tribal Mind Archive: The music Australia loved". The Sydney Morning Herald. Archived from the original on 19 October 2015. Retrieved 28 November 2021.
  119. ^ "ARIA Charts – Accreditations – 2013 Albums" (PDF). Australian Recording Industry Association.
  120. ^ "Austrian album certifications – AC/DC – Back in Black" (in German). IFPI Austria.
  121. ^ "Brazilian album certifications – AC/DC – Back in Black" (in Portuguese). Pro-Música Brasil. Retrieved 3 April 2024.
  122. ^ "Canadian album certifications – AC/DC – Back in Black". Music Canada.
  123. ^ "Danish album certifications – AC/DC – Back in Black". IFPI Danmark.
  124. ^ "French album certifications – AC/DC – Back in Black" (in French). Syndicat National de l'Édition Phonographique. Retrieved 9 November 2021.
  125. ^ "Gold-/Platin-Datenbank (AC/DC; 'Back in Black')" (in German). Bundesverband Musikindustrie.
  126. ^ "Italian album certifications – AC/DC – Back in Black" (in Italian). Federazione Industria Musicale Italiana. Retrieved 1 March 2021.
  127. ^ "New Zealand album certifications – AC/DC – Back in Black". Recorded Music NZ. Retrieved 5 April 2024.
  128. ^ "Wyróżnienia – Złote płyty CD - Archiwum - Przyznane w 2021 roku" (in Polish). Polish Society of the Phonographic Industry. Retrieved 9 September 2021.
  129. ^ Salaverri, Fernando (September 2005). Sólo éxitos: año a año, 1959–2002 (1st ed.). Spain: Fundación Autor-SGAE. ISBN 84-8048-639-2.
  130. ^ "The Official Swiss Charts and Music Community: Awards ('Back in Black')". IFPI Switzerland. Hung Medien.
  131. ^ "British album certifications – AC/DC – Back in Black". British Phonographic Industry.

Bibliography

[edit]
[edit]
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Back_in_Black&oldid=1250853879"