Emma Elizabeth Smith
Emma Elizabeth Smith | |
|---|---|
 Contemporary illustration of Emma Smith | |
| Born | c. 1843 Unknown |
| Died | 4 April 1888 (aged 45) Whitechapel, London, England |
| Occupation | Prostitute |
| Known for | Suspected victim of Jack the Ripper |
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Emma Elizabeth Smith (c. 1843 – 4 April 1888) was a murder victim of mysterious origins in late-19th century London. Her killing was the first of the Whitechapel murders, and it is possible she was a victim of the serial killer known as Jack the Ripper, though this is considered unlikely by most modern authors.
Life
[edit]Smith's life prior to her murder in 1888 remains mysterious. Police files were gathered during the investigation, but most of these are missing, apparently taken, mislaid or discarded from the Metropolitan Police archive before the transfer of papers to the Public Record Office.[1] In the surviving records, Inspector Edmund Reid notes a "son and daughter living in Finsbury Park area".[2] Walter Dew, a detective constable stationed with H Division, later wrote:
Her past was a closed book even to her intimate friends. All she had ever told anyone about herself was that she was a widow who more than ten years before had left her husband and broken away from all her early associations.
There was something about Emma Smith which suggested that there had been a time when the comforts of life had not been denied her. There was a touch of culture in her speech, unusual in her class.
Once when Emma was asked why she had broken away so completely from her old life she replied, a little wistfully: "They would not understand now any more than they understood then. I must live somehow."[3]
At the time of her death in 1888, Smith had lived in a lodging-house at 18 George Street (since renamed Lolesworth Street), Spitalfields, in the East End of London for approximately eighteen months, paying 4d for a bed.[4]
Murder
[edit]Prior to being mortally assaulted, Smith was last seen by a fellow resident at 18 George Street, 54-year-old Margaret Hayes, at approximately 12:15 a.m. on Tuesday 3 April 1888, the day after the Easter Monday bank holiday. According to Hayes, Smith was standing near Farrant Street, talking with a man dressed in dark clothing and a white scarf. She is believed to have been attacked at the junction of Osborn Street and Brick Lane, Whitechapel, approximately 75 minutes later. The location of this assault was approximately 300 yards from her lodging house.[5] She survived the attack and, although injured, managed to walk back to her lodging house.
Upon her return to her lodging house, Smith told the deputy keeper, Mary Russell, that she had been attacked by two or three men, one of whom was a teenager. Mrs Russell and one of the other lodgers, Annie Lee, took Smith to the London Hospital, where she was treated by house surgeon George Haslip. She fell into a coma and died at 9 a.m. the following day.[6] Medical investigation by the duty surgeon, Dr G. H. Hillier, revealed that a blunt object had been inserted into her vagina, rupturing her peritoneum.[7] The police were not informed of the incident until 6 April when they were told an inquest was to be held the next day. The inquest at the hospital, which was conducted by the coroner for East Middlesex, Wynne Edwin Baxter, was attended by Russell, Hillier, and the local chief inspector of the Metropolitan Police Service, H Division Whitechapel: John West. The inquest jury returned a verdict of murder by person or persons unknown.[6]
Chief Inspector West placed the investigation in the hands of Inspector Edmund Reid of H Division.[8] Reid noted in his report that her clothing was "in such dirty ragged condition that it was impossible to tell if any part of it had been fresh torn".[9] Walter Dew later described the investigation:
As in every case of murder in this country, however poor and friendless the victims might be, the police made every effort to track down Emma Smith's assailant. Unlikely as well as likely places were searched for clues. Hundreds of people were interrogated. Scores of statements were taken. Soldiers from the Tower of London [which stood within H Division] were questioned as to their movements. Ships in docks were searched and sailors questioned.[10]
Smith had not provided descriptions of the men who had attacked her and no witnesses came forward or were found. The investigation proved fruitless and the murderer or murderers were never caught.[11]
Whitechapel murders
[edit]The case was listed as the first of eleven Whitechapel murders in Metropolitan Police files. Although elements of the press linked her death to the later murders, which were blamed on a single serial killer known as "Jack the Ripper", her murder is unlikely to be connected with the later killings.[12][13] With the exception of Walter Dew, who said he thought that Smith was the first victim of the Ripper,[14] the police suspected it was the unrelated work of a criminal gang.[15] Smith either refused to or could not describe her attackers in any form of detail, possibly because she feared reprisal. Prostitutes were often managed by gangs, and Smith could have been attacked by her pimps as a punishment for disobeying them, or as part of their intimidation.[16]
References
[edit]- ^ Evans and Skinner, p. 3
- ^ Evans and Skinner, p. 4
- ^ Dew, quoted in Connell, pp. 7–8
- ^ Evans and Rumbelow, p. 47; Evans and Skinner, p. 4; Rumbelow, p.30
- ^ Begg, pp. 28-29
- ^ a b Evans and Skinner, pp. 4–7
- ^ Begg, pp. 27–29; Cook, pp. 34–35; Evans and Rumbelow, p. 50; Evans and Skinner, pp. 4–7
- ^ Evans and Skinner, p. 5
- ^ Evans and Rumbelow, p. 49
- ^ Dew, Walter (1938), I Caught Crippen, London: Blackie and Son, quoted in Connell, pp. 8–9
- ^ "The Whitechapel Murders: Why Did These 11 Deaths Happen". psu.edu. Retrieved 20 October 2023.
- ^ Begg, pp. 29–31; Evans and Rumbelow, pp. 47–50; Marriott, pp. 5–7
- ^ "The Enduring Mystery of Jack the Ripper" Archived 11 July 2006 at the UK Government Web Archive, Metropolitan Police, retrieved 1 May 2009
- ^ Dew, p. 92, quoted in Begg, p. 29
- ^ Begg, p. 29
- ^ Marriott, pp. 5–7
Bibliography
[edit]- Begg, Paul (2003). Jack the Ripper: The Definitive History. London: Pearson Education. ISBN 0-582-50631-X
- Connell, Nicholas (2005). Walter Dew: The Man Who Caught Crippen. Stroud, Gloucestershire: The History Press. ISBN 978-0-7509-3803-7
- Cook, Andrew (2009). Jack the Ripper. Stroud, Gloucestershire: Amberley Publishing. ISBN 978-1-84868-327-3
- Evans, Stewart P.; Rumbelow, Donald (2006). Jack the Ripper: Scotland Yard Investigates. Stroud: Sutton. ISBN 0-7509-4228-2
- Evans, Stewart P.; Skinner, Keith (2000). The Ultimate Jack the Ripper Sourcebook: An Illustrated Encyclopedia. London: Constable and Robinson. ISBN 1-84119-225-2
- Honeycombe, Gordon (1982). The Murders of the Black Museum: 1870-1970, London: Bloomsbury Books, ISBN 978-0-863-79040-9
- Marriott, Trevor (2005). Jack the Ripper: The 21st Century Investigation. London: John Blake. ISBN 1-84454-103-7
- Rumbelow, Donald (2004). The Complete Jack the Ripper: Fully Revised and Updated. Penguin Books. ISBN 0-14-017395-1