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Nash Metropolitan

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Metropolitan
1957 Metropolitan
Overview
ManufacturerAustin (BMC)
Also called
ProductionOctober 1953–April 1961
Model years1954–1962
AssemblyLongbridge plant, Birmingham, West Midlands, England
DesignerWilliam J. Flajole
Body and chassis
Class
Body style
LayoutFR layout
Powertrain
Engine
Transmission3-speed manual
Dimensions
Wheelbase85 in (2,159 mm)
Length149.5 in (3,797 mm)[1]
Width61.5 in (1,562 mm)
Height54.5 in (1,384 mm)[2]
Curb weight1,785–1,890 lb (810–857 kg) (base)

The Nash Metropolitan is an American automobile assembled in England and marketed from 1953 until 1962.

It conforms to two classes of vehicle: economy car[3] and subcompact car.[4][5][6][7][8] The Metropolitan is considered a "subcompact", but this category was not yet in use when the car was made.[9] At that time, it was categorized as a "small automobile" as well as an "economy car".

The Metropolitan was also marketed as a Hudson model when Nash and Hudson merged in 1954 to form the American Motors Corporation (AMC). The Nash and Hudson lines were phased out in favor of the Rambler line, and in 1957, the Metropolitan became a standalone brand and was badged with a stylized 'M' on hubcaps and grille. The cars were also sold in the United Kingdom and other markets.

1954 Nash Metropolitan convertible
1957 Hudson Metropolitan
1961 Metropolitan fender emblem

Design

[edit]

While most domestic automobile makers were following a "bigger-is-better" philosophy, Nash Motor Company executives were examining the market to offer American buyers an economical transportation alternative. The Metropolitan was designed in Kenosha, Wisconsin. It was patterned from a concept car, the NXI (Nash Experimental International), that was built by Detroit-based independent designer William J. Flajole for Nash-Kelvinator.[9] It was designed as the second car in a two car family, for Mom taking the kids to school or shopping or for Dad to drive to the railroad station to ride to work:[10] the "commuter/shopping car" with resemblance to the big Nash, but the scale was tiny as the Met's wheelbase was shorter than the Volkswagen Beetle's.[11]

The NXI design study incorporated many innovative features and attempted to use interchangeable front and rear components (the symmetrical door skins were the only interchangeable items used in production). Although more complex, the new vehicle also incorporated Nash's advanced single-unit (unit body) construction. It was displayed at several "surviews" (survey-previews), commencing on 4 January 1950, at the Waldorf-Astoria Hotel, New York, to gauge the reaction of the American motoring public to a car of this size. The result of these "surviews" convinced Nash that there was a market for such a car if it could be built at a competitive price.

A series of prototypes followed that incorporated many of the improvements from the "surviews" that included roll-up glass side windows, a more powerful engine, and a column-mounted transmission shifter with bench seat (rather than bucket-type seats with floor shift fitted in the concept car). The model was named NKI (for Nash-Kelvinator International), and it featured revised styling incorporating a hood blister and rear wheel cutouts.[9]

Nash was positioning this new product for the postwar market for "personal use" autos.[12] These specific use vehicles were as a second car for women or an economical commuter car.[12] The Metropolitan was also aimed at returning Nash to overseas markets. However, Mason and Nash's management calculated that building such a car from scratch in the U.S. would be impossible because the tooling costs would have been prohibitive. The only cost-effective option was to build overseas using existing mechanical components (engine, transmission, rear end, suspension, brakes, electrical), leaving only the tooling cost for body panels and other unique elements.

With this in mind, Nash Motors negotiated with several European companies. On 5 October 1952, they announced that they had selected the Austin Motor Company (by then part of BMC) and Fisher & Ludlow (which also became part of BMC in September 1953, later operating under the name Pressed Steel Fisher), both English companies based in Birmingham, England and vicinity. Fisher & Ludlow would produce the bodywork, the mechanicals would be provided, and the Austin Motor Company would perform the final assembly. This was the first time an American-designed car was exclusively marketed in North America and had been entirely built in Europe. It became a captive import – a foreign-built vehicle sold and serviced by Nash (and later by American Motors) through its dealer distribution system. It is believed that Austin completed the first pre-production prototype on 2 December 1952. In all, five pre-production prototypes were built by Austin Motors and tested before the start of production. The total tooling cost amounted to US$1,018,475.94 (Austin: US$197,849.14; Fisher & Ludlow: US$820,626.80), a fraction of the tooling cost for a U.S.-built vehicle.

The styling for all Nash vehicles then was an amalgam of designs from Pinin Farina and his design house of Italy and the in-house Nash design team. The Nash models, from the Ambassador to the Metropolitan, utilized similar design features, including fully enclosed front wheels, notched "pillow" style door pressing, bar-style grille, etc.

The new Metropolitan was made in two body designs: convertible and hardtop. All came with several standard features that were optional on most cars of the era. Among these factory-installed benefits for customers were a map light, electric windshield wipers, cigar lighter, and even a "continental-type" rear-mounted spare tire with cover. To give a "luxury" image to the interior, "Bedford cord" upholstery trimmed with leather was used (similar to larger Nash vehicles). An AM radio, "Weather Eye" heater, and whitewall tires were offered as optional extras for the U.S. market. (It is unlikely that a Metropolitan could have been purchased without a heater and radio, as all vehicles left the factory with both items fitted.)

The Metropolitan was the first postwar American car that was marketed specifically to women.[13] The Dodge La Femme was introduced one year later. The first spokesperson for the car was Miss America 1954, Evelyn Ay Sempier. The car was prominently advertised in Women's Wear Daily.[13] American Motors' marketing brochures described the new model as "America's entirely new kind of car" (1955), "Luxury in Miniature" (1959), and "crafted for personal transportation" (1960).[14]

First reviews

[edit]

Compared with the typical American car of the 1950s, the Metropolitan was considered "remarkably nimble" by many early testers, and "the consensus is that the Metropolitan isn't just fun to look at, it's fun to drive too."[15] Owners of the cars reported that the "Metropolitan is a good thing in a small package".[16]

Automotive industry veteran and the largest publisher of automotive books at the time, Floyd Clymer, took several Metropolitans through his tests. He "abused" a 1954 Metropolitan convertible and "got the surprise of my life" when its "performance was far better than I expected", that he "felt very safe in the car", and that "it may well be that Nash has started a new trend in American motoring. Perhaps the public is now getting ready to accept a small car".[17] Clymer also took a 1957 Metropolitan hardtop through a grueling 2,912 mi (4,686 km) road test that even took him 14,100 ft (4,300 m) up Pikes Peak. He summed up his experience that "I can not praise the Metropolitan too highly. It is a fascinating little car to drive, its performance is far better than one would expect, and the ride is likewise more than expected".[18]

According to Collectible Auto magazine, the car was described in Car Life's review as "a big car in miniature" that was "fun to drive" and "ideal for a second car in the family,"[19] while Motor Trend was not alone in regarding the rear "utility" seat as "a joke".[20]

Motor Trend praised the car's economy: its test Metropolitan returned:

39.4 mpg‑US (5.97 L/100 km; 47.3 mpg‑imp) at 45 mph (72 km/h),
27.4 mpg‑US (8.6 L/100 km; 32.9 mpg‑imp) at 60 mph (97 km/h), and
30.1 mpg‑US (7.8 L/100 km; 36.1 mpg‑imp) "in traffic".[21]

Mechanix Illustrated editor Tom McCahill wrote: "It is not a sports car by the weirdest torturing of the imagination but it is a fleet, sporty little bucket which should prove just what the doctor ordered for a second car, to be used either for a trip to the movies or for a fast run to a penicillin festival."[22] He added that it was a "nice-handling car with plenty of control and amazing dig, considering it is powered by a small Austin A-40 engine" and that the finish was "very nice", although having no trunk opening except by pulling down the back of the rear seat "poses a problem".[22] His test car accelerated from 0 to 60 mph in 19.3 seconds and could exceed 70 mph (110 km/h).

A Road & Track road test recorded acceleration from 0–60 mph in 22.4 seconds, "almost half of the VW's 39.2". However, the magazine noted that at 60 mph (97 km/h), a typical American cruising speed at the time, the Metropolitan was revving at 4300 rpm, which shortened engine life, whereas the Volkswagen could travel at the same speed at only 3000 rpm.[23] Road & Track's testers also said that the car had "more than its share of roll and wallow on corners" and there was "little seat-of-the-pants security when the rear end takes its time getting back in line".[19]

Road Test magazine wrote in 1954 that "on roadability and responsive handling, the Met shines. It also offers easy maintenance and downright stinginess when it comes to gasoline consumption. Also, it's literally a brute for punishment. On several occasions I took familiar corners at speeds half again what I would dare to use in some cars of twice the weight – proof that proper weight distribution, low center of gravity and well engineered suspension have more to do with roadability than massiveness, weight and long wheelbases. Admittedly, the short wheelbased Met does pitch moderately on very rough roads, but the sensitivity and ease of steering make driving a pleasure."[24]

Production for U.S.

[edit]

Series I

[edit]
Series I
Overview
Production1953–54
Nash dealership with a Metropolitan visible, 1954
Hudson emblem on Metropolitan grille

Production at Austin's Longbridge factory started in October 1953 (Commencing VIN1001). Nicknamed the "baby Nash", the cars were tiny. They had an 85 in (2,159 mm) wheelbase, overall length of 149.5 in (3,797 mm) and a gross weight of only 1,785 lb (810 kg) for the convertible and 1,825 lb (828 kg) for the hardtop, thus making the Metropolitan smaller than the Volkswagen Beetle. The two models, a convertible and a hardtop, were powered by the OHV 1,200 cc (73 cu in) straight-4 Austin 'A40' series engine (as used in the Austin A40 Devon/Dorset) driving the rear wheels through a three-speed manual transmission. The initial order was for 10,000 units, with an option to increase the order if sales were sufficient.

The new car underwent rigorous testing at the Nash Proving Grounds, but the first assignment for newly hired Assistant Technical Advisor, Carl Chakmakian, was to conduct supervised testing to achieve advertising and sales training objectives.[25] In December 1953, two new NKI-branded (serial numbers 1009 and 1013) were driven 800 metres (1 km) from their arrival port to the new Raleigh Speedway in North Carolina to conduct two days of speed endurance and fuel economy evaluation.[26] The tests were run and certified by NASCAR officials that included Bill France.[26] With two drivers from Shreveport, Louisiana, Roxy Dancey and Herschel Buchanan, one car finished the 24-hour endurance run achieving 1,469.7 miles (2,365 km) at an average speed of 61.2 miles per hour (98 km/h) and 21.1 mpg‑US (11.1 L/100 km; 25.3 mpg‑imp) overall.[26] It had eleven pit stops to change drivers, add fuel and oil, and make tire changes because of the track's abrasive aggregate surface and fast corners.[27] The car did not need any service or parts other than the tires.[26] The second car was subjected to a non-stop 24-hour fuel economy test with drivers changing every three hours while the car was in motion, and refueling was also accomplished in motion three times by attaching a gas can to the side window drained into the car's tank.[27] The car averaged 41.7 mpg‑US (5.64 L/100 km; 50.1 mpg‑imp).[28]

The new model was initially to be called the "NKI Custom", but the name was changed to "Metropolitan" just two months before its public release. New chrome nameplates with the "Metropolitan" name were made to fit into the same holes as the "NKI Custom" script on the passenger side front fender. Nash dealers had to rebadge the early cars that came with the "NKI Custom" name. Still, some factory manuals had already been prepared and distributed to service departments with the NKI name.[9] The first examples badged as Nash went on sale on 19 March 1954 in the U.S. and Canada. Autocar said that "at a production rate of less than 400 cars a week ... it was hardly going to be a runaway best seller."[29]

In surveys, Americans had affirmed a desire for economy cars, but in practice, they bought the Metropolitan in relatively small numbers. Although Nash merged with Hudson in 1954 and marketed the car as a Hudson Metropolitan in 1955, "demand never took off from the original level", primarily because the Metropolitan was slow by North American standards.[29] In the first month of sales, 862 Metropolitans were sold in U.S. and Canada, while in the first six months, a total of 7,042 were sold. A further order was placed with Austin.

Available exterior colors were P903 "Spruce Green", P904 "Canyon Red", P905 "Caribbean Blue", or P906 "Croton Green", with P907 "Mist Grey" as a contrast color for the hardtops. P906 "Croton Green" was dropped as a color option in April 1954. Cars incorporated the Nash logo on their grille badge, hubcaps, horn button, and spare wheel cover. The suggested retail price (MSRP) for Series I (also known as NK1) models was US$1,445 (hardtop) and $1,469 (convertible). Adding a radio and a heater pushed the price above $1,500: at the time, the Volkswagen Beetle was priced at $1,425.[30]

In May 1954, Nash-Kelvinator Corporation announced that it had merged with the Hudson Motor Company to form American Motors Corporation (AMC). Thus, by August 1954, Metropolitans become available through Hudson dealers. These Hudson Metropolitans carried a Hudson grille badge, hubcaps incorporating an "M" logo, a "bulls-eye" horn button design, and a plain spare wheel cover. Braking performance was 90 ft (27.4 m) from 45 miles per hour (72 km/h) to a full stop.[28]

Series II

[edit]
Series II
Overview
Production1955

After the first 10,000 cars were built, the engine was changed to a B-Series, but still of 1,200 cc (73 cu in), (as used in the Austin A40 Cambridge). Other modifications included a new gearbox and hydraulic actuation for the clutch (Series I models used a mechanical clutch linkage). The change to a new engine and gearbox added 50 lb (23 kg) to the weight. This model is referred to as Series II or NK2 (Commencing with Vehicle identification number (VIN) E11001 on 19 August 1954).

Series III

[edit]
Series III
Overview
Production1955–58
Series 3 1500 engine
Series 3 hood ornament

November 1955 saw the start of Metropolitan Series III (NK3) production (Commencing with VIN E21008 on 28 November 1955). The design also included the B-Series engine increase in capacity to 1,489 cc (90.9 cu in) (as used in the Austin A50 Cambridge). Polished stainless steel sweep-spears on the body sides allowed a new two-tone finish to be incorporated, which had the cosmetic effect of lowering, slimming, and lengthening the car. The new exterior colors were P905 "Caribbean Green", P910 "Sunburst Yellow", and P911 "Coral Red" with P909 "Snowberry White" as a contrast. The grille was also redesigned, and the hood had its non-functional hood scoop removed. American Motors changed the designation to "Metropolitan 1500" to differentiate it from the earlier 1,200 cc (73 cu in) models. The interior was also changed to incorporate a "houndstooth" check material for the seats trimmed with white vinyl. The dashboard was also painted black, rather than the body color, just like the Series I and II Metropolitans.

The MSRP for Series III models was $1,527 (hardtop) and $1,551 (convertible). After VIN E35133 (16 April 1957), the exterior colors were changed to P910 "Sunburst Yellow", P912 "Berkshire Green", and P913 "Mardi-Gras Red" with P914 "Frost White" as a contrast. After VIN E45912 (9 January 1958), the color P910 "Sunburst Yellow" was replaced by P915 "Autumn Yellow" and P908 "Classic Black" was added to the available exterior colors.

In September 1957, AMC announced dropping the historic Nash and Hudson brand names. The Metropolitan was subsequently marketed under the "Metropolitan" name only and sold through Rambler dealers. The Nash and Hudson Grille medallions were believed to have been discontinued around October 1956 (VIN E28326); they were replaced with the "M" style grille medallion.

Series IV

[edit]
Series IV
1959 Nash Metropolitan on display at the Shanghai Auto Museum
Overview
Production1959–61
Rear view of the Series IV
Rear view of the Series IV

January 1959 saw the start of Metropolitan Series IV (NK4) production (Commencing with VIN E59048 on 12 January 1959). This major redesign saw the addition of an external decklid (previous models only allowed access to the trunk through the rear seatback), one-piece rear window, and vent windows. By this time, the engine had been upgraded by increasing the compression ratio from 7.2:1 to 8.3:1 (Commenced VIN E43116 — 15 October 1957), rated at 55 bhp (41 kW) (as used in the Austin A55 Cambridge). The additional features added 15 lb (6.8 kg) to the weight. Exterior color options were the same as for Series III. The interior used a diamond pattern for the seats, with white vinyl trim. The MSRP for Series IV models was $1,672.60 (hardtop) and $1,696.80 (convertible).

Sales rose to 22,209 units in 1959, the Metropolitan's best-selling year, promoting it to second place behind Volkswagen in sales of cars imported to the U.S. American Motors' advertising made much of this ranking while not mentioning that the Volkswagen Beetle outsold the Metropolitan by 51⁄2 to 1.[31]

For the 1960 model year, American Motors prepared a Metropolitan convertible for the Easter Parade in New York City.[31][32] Named the "Metropolitan Fifth Avenue", the car was finished with 15 hand-rubbed coats of pearl-pink lacquer outside and featured pink-and-white cowhide upholstery and pink fur carpeting.[31][32] Rear fender sides had Fifth Avenue lettering while the front fenders featured triangular badges that combined American and British flags.[33] The car was filled with large plush bunnies that were given away every hour.[31][32] The Fifth Avenue was displayed on the 1960 auto show circuit and ultimately sold to an AMC dealer in Boston.[31][32] Three other Metropolitan convertibles were prepared with unique region-inspired features by AMC's styling department: "Westerner", "Cape Cod", and the "Royal Runabout" a black-and-gold one-off built for and presented to Britain's Princess Margaret.[31][33]

Production ceased in April 1961 (final VIN — E95981, built 19 April 1961). Sales of the existing inventory continued until March 1962.

A drawing attributed to Richard Arbib, dated 17 January 1956, shows a Metropolitan station wagon with additional fins and sharp edges.[34] American Motors contemplated a station wagon version. Two prototypes were built and displayed at car shows, but the project was abandoned. One of the two prototypes has been restored and is on display at a Metropolitan restoration facility in North Hollywood, California.

Approximately 95,000 Metropolitans were sold in the United States and Canada, making it one of the top-selling cars to be imported into those countries at the time, and its sales in 1959 helped to spur the introduction of the Big Three (General Motors, Ford, and Chrysler) new compact models.[citation needed]

Yearly shipments

[edit]
Metropolitan coupe
Year US Canada Total
1953 571 172 743
1954 11,198 1,964 13,162
1955 3,849 2,247 6,096
1956 7,645 1,423 9,068
1957 13,425 1,892 15,317
1958 11,951 1,177 13,128
1959 20,435 1,774 22,209
1960 13,103 771 13,874
1961 853 116 969
1962 412 8 420
Totals 83,442 11,544 94,986

Production dates

[edit]

To establish the production date for a Metropolitan (U.S. and Canadian models only), check the VIN or Serial number on a data plate affixed to the firewall. Chassis numbers after 4781 are prefixed by the letter "E". The number on the list below can provide an approximate production date. NB. Since the cars took at least six weeks to be shipped from the Longbridge factory to the U.S. distribution network, the actual titled date will be different from the production date.

Starting VIN by Year and Month
Month 1953 1954 1955 1956 1957 1958 1959 1960 1961
Jan. - 1771 E14997 E21127 E30260 E45541 E58631 E80930 E94599
Feb. - 2797 E15628 E21606 E31481 E47003 E59384 E82828 E94852
Mar. - 3884 E16406 E22175 E32766 E48370 E60743 E84429 E95306
Apr. - E5060 E17312 E22826 E34157 E49418 E62310 E86458 E95870
May - E6264 E18095 E23557 E35760 E50057 E64459 E88307 -
June - E7678 E18972 E24435 E37654 E51255 E65904 E90274 -
July - E9096 E19502 E25368 E39060 E52201 E68322 E91579 -
Aug. - E10430 E19945 E26022 E40282 E53258 E70426 E92291 -
Sept - E11331 E20189 E26652 E40766 E54060 E72235 E92983 -
Oct. 1001 E12426 E20474 E27526 E42139 E55306 E74795 E93571 -
Nov. 1066 E13597 E20717 E28431 E43399 E56556 E76745 E93947 -
Dec. 1271 E14259 E20940 E29463 E44464 E57685 E78833 E94354 -

Production for foreign markets

[edit]
1958 right-hand drive convertible Austin Metropolitan
1959 New Zealand-new right-hand drive Nash Metropolitan

In October 1956, Austin Motor Company obtained permission from American Motors to sell the Metropolitans in overseas countries where AMC did not have a presence. The early brochures for the Austin Metropolitans used a reversed photograph to show a right-hand drive (RHD) car parked in an English country town (Chipping Campden) because only left-hand drive vehicles were available at the time the photos were taken.

From December 1956, production of Austin Metropolitans began, and from 2 April 1957, approximately 9,400 additional units were sold in overseas markets that included the United Kingdom and New Zealand. List prices for the UK Series III models were £713 17s 0d for the hardtop and £725 2s 0d for the convertible. An estimated 1,200 Metropolitans were sold there in four years,[35] according to several published sources. However, one British journalist estimated the figure to be around 5,000.[31] Markedly American, the styling was considered outlandish compared with the more sober British-styled models in the British Motor Corporation lineup.

Only Series III and Series IV Metropolitans were produced for sale in the UK. (The first Metropolitans sold in the UK were sold only to American and Canadian service members stationed in the UK.)[36] Series III models carried the prefix HD6 (convertible) or HE6 (hardtop). Some early Series III models carried the prefix HNK3H or HNK3HL (L=Left-Hand Drive). The prefix is thought to indicate "Home Nash Kelvinator Series 3 H=1400-1999cc (Metropolitan=1500cc)". UK Series III sales ran from April 1957 to February 1959. Series IV models, which carried the prefix A-HJ7 (convertible) or A-HP7 (hardtop), were sold from September 1960 to February 1961. The Metropolitan was unavailable for UK sales between February 1959 and September 1960 since all production was destined for U.S. and Canadian dealers. When sales in the UK resumed, they were sold through Austin dealers at listed prices of £707 6s 8d for the hardtop and £732 2s 6d for the convertible. Austin was dropped from the name, which became simply "Metropolitan," and the cars carried no Austin badges, although they had Austin Company chassis plates. Despite this, the car remained known, by trade and public alike, as the Austin Metropolitan, often shortened to Austin Metro in common parlance. British Motor Company (BMC and later, British Leyland) adopted the' Metro' tag as a house name, re-emerging in 1980 on the Austin (mini) Metro.

In May 1960, Car Mart Ltd. (a large Austin dealership in London, UK) presented Princess Margaret as a wedding present with a specially prepared Metropolitan finished in black with gold trim and gold leather interior.[35][37] It was stolen in London in February 1961.

As a result of low sales, production of the Austin Metropolitan ended in February 1961. Two additional "one-offs" were built in March and April after serial Metropolitan production ended. The final car had a VIN of A-HP7 150301. Total Austin Metropolitan production has been estimated at between 9,384 and 9,391 vehicles.

Metropolitans were sold new in right-hand-drive in New Zealand as a "Nash." The models were not available in Australia.[38]

Epilogue

[edit]
1961 AMC Metropolitan Taxi at Stahls Automotive Collection

The Metropolitan lost market appeal due to increasing competition from AMC's own Rambler American models and newly introduced compact cars from the Big Three. The last Metropolitan body was made by Fisher & Ludlow on 10 April 1961. US-bound Metropolitan production ended in April 1961, as a result of its "marginal sales plus the fact that a four or five-passenger Rambler American could be purchased for only about $100 more".[35]

The Metropolitan "was a car that appealed to an eclectic mix of Americans" because it was "economical, yet a joy to drive," and it has been described as "pure automotive whimsy."[13] It also "swam against nearly every current of American car design."[39]

Police market

[edit]

AMC marketed right-hand drive models to U.S. police departments for use in parking enforcement and other urban duties.[40] Comparing the car to police motorcycles, an AMC brochure advertised superior all-weather protection, cost-effectiveness and storage space, and also the safety of single-unit construction.

The Franklin Mint produced a die-cast toy model of a 1956 Metropolitan in a police car version. Among its features are a police hat and handcuffs on the passenger's seat, as well as a fire extinguisher on the floor.

Astra-Gnome

[edit]

Industrial designer Richard Arbib designed the Astra-Gnome "Time and Space Car," a design concept influenced by space travel forms.[41] The vehicle was featured on the 3 September 1956 cover of Newsweek magazine and exhibited at the 1956 New York International Auto Show.[42] Arbib modified a 1955 Nash Metropolitan and it was his vision of what an automobile would look like in the year 2000.[43] Among the features were a "celestial time-zone clock permitting actual flight-type navigation".[44] The car is restored and kept at a museum in California.[45]

Metropolitan Club (AMC)

[edit]

Almost from the beginning of sales of the Metropolitan, American Motors received many letters and photographs from Metropolitan owners with stories of their good experiences with their cars. Some of these comments were used in later brochures for the Metropolitan. In January 1957, James W. Watson (AMC's Sales Manager for the Metropolitan) initiated a "Metropolitan Club" to channel this enthusiasm and hopefully increase Metropolitan sales. He reasoned that personal recommendation was a powerful marketing tool.[46]

All owners of Metropolitans could apply to join the club, and members received a membership card, membership certificate, and a metal badge to attach to their vehicle. Beginning in May 1957, a magazine called "The Met Letter" was sent out to members. Sixteen issues were produced from May 1957 (Volume 1, Number 1) to January 1962 (Volume 4, Number 3). The magazine consisted of articles and photographs submitted by members, as well as maintenance and editorial comments from American Motors. Members who recruited additional Metropolitan buyers were rewarded with a special gold anodized "Metropolitan Club" badge.[47]

The club was disbanded around May 1962, when the supply of new Metropolitans was exhausted. Floyd Clymer, the motoring journalist and passionate supporter of the Metropolitan concept, attempted to keep the original Metropolitan Club active after that time.

Epilogue

[edit]
Metropolitan car club meeting
1957 Metropolitan converted into an amusement ladder fire truck
Met conversion pickup with trailer
1957 Nash Metropolitan at a car show
A 1960 Nash Metropolitan at the Four States Auto Museum in Texarkana

The "Metropolitan's staying power and its never-ending cuteness" have earned it "a place among the Greatest Cars of All Time" in the opinion of automotive writer Jack Nerad, a former editor of Motor Trend magazine: "No, the Metropolitan didn't come from a top-of-the-line manufacturer. No, it doesn't have a proud racing history. And, no, it wasn't built in huge numbers. But [it] possesses an ageless, cuddly quality that has made it a perennial favorite of car lovers and car agnostics alike." Nerad added: "If you wanted to ... wring the Met through its paces, you would be rewarded with a 0–60 miles per hour acceleration time of nearly 30 seconds. The Met was reasonably light at approximately 1800 pounds, but that weight was squared off against 42 horsepower."[48]

In the opinion of syndicated auto journalist and author Bill Vance, the 1,200 cc (73 cu in) Metropolitan "was quite a stylish little car" that was "ahead of its time" and performed well against its competition.[23]

Brian Sewell cites the 1,500 cc (92 cu in) version as the one "now perversely recognized as a collector's car".[49] He wrote that the Metropolitan is "worth a moment's consideration, for in the history of the post-war American car industry it was the only genuine attempt to provide the market there with a mass-produced small, cheap car that could hold its own in urban traffic and slot into parking spaces far too small for even the smallest Ford or Chevrolet ... [but] the steering, dreadfully hampered by the enclosure of the front wheels, is so insensitive, and the turning circle so wide, that parking is a wretched business, the slack response of the huge steering-wheel a feature common in lumbering U.S. cars of the period."[49]

By British standards, it looked "awful", according to Autocar, but Nash was "very pleased with it".[29]

In 1961, the British auto magazine The Autocar tested a 1959 model whose odometer showed 27,124 mi (43,652 km), and recorded a "reasonable" cruising speed of 60 mph, "fairly high" oil consumption of 125 miles per pint, "adequately good" road-holding, "pronounced understeer" in cornering, "good directional stability," "decidedly vague steering," a turning circle that was "stately for such a small car," brakes that were "effective," and remarked on the "unnecessarily high position of the steering-wheel," which interfered with the driver's view of the road. The test car accelerated from 0–60 mph in 22.4 seconds, and its time for the standing-start quarter-mile was 21.9 seconds.[50]

Metropolitans have the very soft ride preferred by Americans at the time instead of the firmer suspension preferred in Europe.[51] Markedly American, the styling was considered outlandish compared with the more sober British-styled models in the British Motor Corporation lineup. Brian Sewell commented in 2007 that the car was "damned" in England "as a preposterous aberration incorporating the worst of everything American".[49]

One marque enthusiast says that Nash's subcompact was "the Smart car of the '50s". Although his Metropolitan is unsuitable for long journeys owing to "a lot of wind noise and really poor suspension," it can cruise at 50 mph (80 km/h) and has a top speed of 75 mph (121 km/h). Parts are "relatively easy" to obtain, and the car is "easy to work on".[51]

Ken Gross, a director of the Petersen Automotive Museum, noted that "the softly sprung Met wallows like most larger American cars of its day,"[52] and he has warned against "rust, especially in the floor pan and lower fenders," and "electrical gremlins". British-made mechanical parts were available on the unspecified date of his article's publication, but he said that sheet metal was "a challenge".[52]

Sewell advises buying the open version in "as late a model as you can (it ceased production in 1961) – this has slightly more panache, and with the hood down, it's much easier to load [at the supermarket]".[49]

"While there are still good deals to be had on Metropolitans, their values have quietly but sharply escalated in the last five years while other 1960s American collector cars have leveled off or simply remained flat ... Parts and support are not a problem with these cars; returning all the waves and smiles you'll get driving a Met can be tiring."[53]

There are active clubs for Metropolitan owners and enthusiasts. New, used, and reproduction examples of various parts and accessories are available. Some owners modify their Metropolitans. More extreme modifications have included conversion into a pickup truck, station wagon, stretch limousine, and installation of a V8 engine.[54][55][56] A conversion into a "Metro-Sled" features a rear-mounted snowmobile engine driving twin tracks.[57] Some cars that were initially hardtops have been converted to convertibles; however, cars built as convertibles had chassis stiffeners as well as a different wedge and secondary catch for the doors.

Notable owners

[edit]
1958 Metropolitan owned by Jimmy Buffett

Notes

[edit]
  1. ^ "1954 Nash Metropolitan Foldout". oldcarbrochures.com. pp. 4–5. Retrieved 22 March 2022.
  2. ^ "1954 Nash Metropolitan Foldout". oldcarbrochures.com. pp. 7–10. Retrieved 22 March 2022.
  3. ^ Gross, Ken. "Modern Classic: Nash Metropolitan". automedia.com. Archived from the original on 12 February 2012. Retrieved 22 March 2022. ....in 1950–51, Nash circulated 250,000 questionnaires nationally asking: "Does American want the economy car"...
  4. ^ "1954–1962 Metropolitan". How Stuff Works. 23 October 2007. Retrieved 22 March 2022. the... president of Nash-Kelvinator Corporation decided to market what would ultimately be called a 'subcompact'...
  5. ^ Kunz, Bruce (7 April 2008). "Creature comfort options were plentiful on 1955 Rambler line". St. Louis Post-Dispatch. Archived from the original on 14 February 2016. Retrieved 22 March 2022. the Nash Metropolitan, a sub compact...
  6. ^ Foster, Patrick R. (Fall 2000). "With malice toward none". Forward – A Walter P. Chrysler Newszine. p. 39. Nash introduced...the subcompact Metropolitan
  7. ^ Rooney, Robert K. (11 January 2008). "The original smart car". The Calgary Herald. Archived from the original on 22 July 2012. Retrieved 22 March 2022. Nash's venture into the sub-compact market
  8. ^ "Micro cars set to draw mega interest at Florida's preeminent collector car event" (Press release). RM Auctions. 12 December 2007. Archived from the original on 15 July 2011. Retrieved 22 March 2021. ...an iconic, subcompact 1958 Nash Metropolitan ...
  9. ^ a b c d Foster, Pat (October 2005). "Developing the Metropolitan". Hemmings Classic Car. Retrieved 22 March 2022. ... Mason began to explore the idea of developing a truly small car, the size of what today we'd call a subcompact.
  10. ^ Railton, Arthur (April 1954). "America's Smallest Car – the Metropolitan". Popular Mechanics. Vol. 101, no. 4. pp. 88–90, 260–262. Retrieved 22 March 2022 – via Google Books.
  11. ^ "1954–1956 Nash Metropolitan Series 54". How Stuff Works. 24 July 2007. Archived from the original on 5 August 2020. Retrieved 22 March 2022.
  12. ^ a b Foster, Patrick R. (1998). The Nash Styling Sketchbook. Olde Milford Press. p. 2. ISBN 978-0-9662019-0-1. Retrieved 22 March 2022.
  13. ^ a b c Fitzgerald, Craig (October 2005). "1961 Nash Metropolitan Convertible". Hemmings Classic Car. Retrieved 22 March 2022.
  14. ^ "Sales brochures (various years)". Metropolitan Library Website. Retrieved 22 March 2022.
  15. ^ Conwill, David (24 September 2018). "Pint-Size Motoring - 1957 Hudson Metropolitan: Twenty years of fun behind the wheel of a 1957 Hudson Metropolitan". Hemmings. Retrieved 21 June 2024.
  16. ^ "Metropolitan is a Good Thing in a Small Package, Say Owners". Popular Mechanics. Vol. 102, no. 5. November 1954. pp. 118–122, 248. Retrieved 22 March 2022 – via Google Books.
  17. ^ Clymer, Floyd (November 1954). "Clymer Road Tests the Metropolitan". Popular Mechanics. Vol. 102, no. 5. pp. 119–250. Retrieved 22 March 2022 – via Google Books.
  18. ^ Foster, Patrick R. (2002). The Metropolitan Story. Olde Milford Press. p. 100. ISBN 978-0-9662019-1-8.
  19. ^ a b "1954–62 Metropolitan: 'Big Car in Miniature'". Collectible Auto. April 1990. p. 64. Retrieved 22 March 2022 – via Metropolitan Library Website.
  20. ^ "Collectible Automobile, 1954-62 Metropolitan: "Big Car in Miniature" by Arch Brown, April 1990, page 65". metropolitan-library.com. Retrieved 22 March 2022.
  21. ^ "The Most Economical Car Regardless Of Size: '54 Nash Metropolitan". Motor Trend. November 1954. p. 19. Retrieved 22 March 2022 – via Metropolitan Library Website.
  22. ^ a b McCahill, Tom (April 1954). "McCahill Tests the Brand-New Baby Nash". Mechanix Illustrated. p. 95. Retrieved 22 March 2022 – via Metropolitan Library Website.
  23. ^ a b Vance, Bill (8 September 2006). "Motoring Memories: Metropolitan, 1954–1962". Autos Canada. Retrieved 22 March 2022.
  24. ^ "Nash Metropolitan: America's smallest car has proved amazingly popular". Road Test. pp. 42–43. Retrieved 22 March 2022 – via Metropolitan Library Website.
  25. ^ "Carl Chakmakian: AMC's Sultan of Speed". Hemmings. 23 September 2018. Retrieved 21 June 2024.
  26. ^ a b c d "Nash Metropolitan at Raleigh". Raleigh Speedway History. Retrieved 21 June 2024.
  27. ^ a b Foster, Patrick (September 2010). "Proving the Metropolitan". Hemmings Classic Car. Retrieved 21 June 2024 – via raleighspeedway.org.
  28. ^ a b "1954 Nash Metropolitan Foldout". oldcarbrochures.com. pp. 2–3. Retrieved 22 March 2022.
  29. ^ a b c Robson, Graham (May 1981). "A Motoring Cuckoo?". Autocar. p. 24. Retrieved 22 March 2022 – via Metropolitan Library Website.
  30. ^ "Vor 20 Jahren: Erster US-Kleinwagen (a page of extracts from the same magazine's edition of exactly twenty years earlier)". Auto, Motor und Sport (in German). Vol. 9. 27 April 1974. p. 21.
  31. ^ a b c d e f g Auto Editors of Consumer Guide (23 October 2007). "1954–1962 Metropolitan". auto.howstuffworks.com. Retrieved 21 June 2024.
  32. ^ a b c d McCourt, Mark J. (23 September 2018). "Pinky Goes to Town - 1960 Nash Metropolitan - Wherever it travels, this 1960 Nash Metropolitan convertible always makes the scene". Hemmings. Retrieved 21 June 2024.
  33. ^ a b Bower, Jesse (11 February 2018), "Nash Metropolitans had a couple regional models I hadn't heard of", Just a Car Guy
  34. ^ "Arbib, Richard (1917-1995) Designs for a Nash Metropolitan Station Wagon". Donald A. Heald Rare Books. New York. Retrieved 24 April 2024.
  35. ^ a b c Daum, Larry R. "Metropolitan". American Motors Association Official Publication. Retrieved 22 March 2022 – via Metropolitan Library Website.
  36. ^ "Nash and Metropolitan 1956". classiccarcatalogue.com. Retrieved 22 March 2022.
  37. ^ "Regal Met". NashMet.com. Archived from the original on 17 July 2012. Retrieved 22 March 2022.
  38. ^ Nally, Steve (19 December 2014). "1957 Series III Nash Metropolitan review". TradeUniqueCars.com.au. Retrieved 22 March 2022.
  39. ^ a b Merlis, Bob (December 1996). "Size Matters – Nash Metropolitans aren't just cute cars, they're a way of life". Los Angeles Magazine. Vol. 41, no. 12. pp. 37–38. Retrieved 22 March 2022 – via Google Books.
  40. ^ "Metropolitans for Police (cover of brochure) by AMC". Retrieved 22 March 2022 – via Metropolitan Library Website.
  41. ^ "Arbib Company". Modern Metals. Vol. 12. 1956. pp. 48–49. Retrieved 22 March 2022 – via Google Books.
  42. ^ "Yes, it's a Metropolitan!". The Metropolitan Pit Stop Museum. Archived from the original on 22 December 2013. Retrieved 22 March 2022.
  43. ^ Hess, Jeffrey P. (March–April 2000). "An Interview with Richard Arbib". Hess Fine Art. Archived from the original on 15 March 2022. Retrieved 22 March 2022.
  44. ^ "Astra-Gnome: $?". Popular Science. Vol. 169, no. 1. July 1956. p. 112. Retrieved 22 March 2022 – via Google Books.
  45. ^ "Museum". The Metropolitan Pit Stop Museum. 2 August 2017. Retrieved 22 March 2022.
  46. ^ Custin, C. "History of MOCNA". Metropolitan Owners Club of North America. Retrieved 22 March 2022.
  47. ^ Foster, Patrick R. (2002). The Metropolitan Story. Olde Milford Press. p. 98. ISBN 978-0-9662019-1-8. Retrieved 22 March 2022.
  48. ^ Nerad, Jack. "The Greatest Cars: Nash Metropolitan". Driving Today. Archived from the original on 8 February 2012. Retrieved 22 March 2022.
  49. ^ a b c d Sewell, Brian (26 June 2007). "Nash Metropolitan 1954–1962". The Independent. Archived from the original on 25 January 2011. Retrieved 22 March 2022.
  50. ^ "Used Cars on the Road No. 172, 1959 Metropolitan Fixed-Head". The Autocar. 5 May 1961. Retrieved 22 March 2022 – via Metropolitan Library Website.
  51. ^ a b Rooney, Robert K. (11 January 2008). "The original smart car: Nash Metropolitan one of first compacts built". Calgary Herald. Archived from the original on 22 July 2012. Retrieved 22 March 2022.
  52. ^ a b Gross, Ken. "Modern Classic: Nash Metropolitan". automedia.com. Archived from the original on 22 February 2012. Retrieved 22 March 2022.
  53. ^ McNessor, Mike (July 2011). "1954–1962 Metropolitan: This cute Brit is in demand with collectors". Hemmings Motor News. Vol. 58, no. 7. p. 32. Retrieved 22 March 2022.
  54. ^ "About the Metropolitan". nashmet.com. Archived from the original on 20 October 2012. Retrieved 22 March 2022.
  55. ^ Traugott, Jay (3 November 2012). "Unique of the Week: 1961 Nash Metropolitan V8 Hot Rod". carbuzz.com. Retrieved 21 June 2024.
  56. ^ Ukrop, J. (20 December 2013). "A Hot Rodder's Economy Car". jalopyjournal.com. Retrieved 21 June 2024.
  57. ^ Strohl, Daniel (5 January 2007). "Metromobile". Hemmings Blogs. Retrieved 22 March 2022.
  58. ^ "Micro Cars Set to Draw Interest". Sports Car Market Magazine. 1 February 2008. Archived from the original on 21 January 2010. Retrieved 22 March 2022. ...subcompact 1958 Nash Metropolitan convertible, formerly belonging to Florida celebrity, Jimmy Buffet;
  59. ^ Sass, Rob (June 2008). "Nash's "Mini Me" for '53". Sports Car Market Magazine. p. 37. Retrieved 22 March 2022 – via Google Books.
  60. ^ Sherlock, Joseph M. (9 January 2009). "The View Through The Windshield". Retrieved 22 March 2022. Greg Gutfeld is a car guy. About his 1953 Nash Metropolitan, he wrote: "I always wanted one of these cartoonish cars, and got one - making me an owner of two absurd automobiles".
  61. ^ Isaacson, Walter (2011). Steve Jobs. Simon & Schuster. ISBN 978-1-4516-4853-9. Jobs was able to get his first car, with his father's help, when he was fifteen. It was a two-tone Nash Metropolitan...
  62. ^ "Steve Jobs Page 8". readsnovelonline.com. Retrieved 22 March 2022.
  63. ^ "Bogi Working From Home - Episode 14". Motor Trend. Retrieved 22 March 2022.
  64. ^ Long, David (2007). Little Book of London. The History Press. p. 28. ISBN 978-0-7509-4800-5. Princess Margaret once owned an unusual black convertible nash Metropolitan, but it was stolen by a fourteen year-old schoolboy.
  65. ^ Gerard, Jasper (19 August 2010). "Classic Austin/Nash Metropolitan". Telegraph. Retrieved 22 March 2022. Princess Margaret was presented with one as a wedding present.
  66. ^ Foster, Pat (April 2006). "Jay Leno, Paul Newman, and Me". Hemmings Classic Car. Retrieved 22 March 2022.
  67. ^ Mort, Norm (2010). Anglo-American Cars: From the 1930s to the 1970s. Veloce Publishing. p. 90. ISBN 978-1-84584-233-8. Retrieved 22 March 2022 – via Google Books. Actor and famed international racing driver Paul Newman and his film star wife, Joanne Woodward, owned a Met.
  68. ^ "Elvis song sheets and scripts lost in California fire". Breaking News IE. Dublin. 25 October 2007. Retrieved 22 March 2022. However, firefighters were able to save Presley's Nash Metropolitan car and his US Army jacket before the flames swept in.
  69. ^ "BMC Worldwide News Exchange – They use our cars". Metropolitan Library Web-Site. 1957. Retrieved 22 March 2022 – via Metropolitan Library Website.

References

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[edit]
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Nash Metropolitan.
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