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Annamacharya

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"Annamayya" redirects here. For the 1997 film, see Annamayya (film).
Tallapaka Annamacharya
Annamacharya
This statue is at Dwaraka Tirumala
This statue is at Dwaraka Tirumala
Background information
Also known asAnnamayya,
Pada Kavitha Pitaamahudu
Born22 May 1408
Tallapaka, Vijayanagara Empire
(modern-day Andhra Pradesh, India)
Died4 April 1503(1503-04-04) (aged 94)
Tirumala, Vijayanagara Empire
(modern-day Andhra Pradesh, India)
GenresCarnatic music
Occupation(s)Saint, poet, composer, writer
InstrumentTambura

Tallapaka Annamacharya (Telugu: తాళ్ళపాక అన్నమాచార్య, romanized: tāḷḷapāka annamācārya) (22 May 1408 – 4 April 1503), also popularly known as Annamayya, was a Telugu musician, composer, and a Hindu saint. He is the earliest known Indian musician to compose songs called samkirtanas. His devotional samkirtanas were in the praise of Venkateswara, a form of Vishnu. Annamayya is said to have composed as many as 32,000 samkirtanas (songs) in the praise of Venkateswara of which only about 12,000 are available today. He wrote the highest number of Kirtanas of all time in the praise of Lord Vishnu [1] The musical form of the kirtana songs that he composed, which are still popular among Carnatic music concert artists,[2] have strongly influenced the structure of Carnatic music compositions.[3] His compositions are classified as Adhyatma (spiritual) and Sringara (romantic). Annamacharya is remembered for his saintly life, as one of the greatest musicians and is honoured as a great devotee of Vishnu by devotees and saintly singers.[4] He was one of the first few who opposed the social stigma towards the untouchable castes in his era.

He is believed to have been the avatar of Nandaka, the sword of Vishnu. He is widely regarded as the "Andhra Pada kavitā Pitāmaha" (Grandfather of Telugu song-writing).[1]

Personal life

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Tallapaka Annamacharya was born on Vaishakha Shuddha Pournami in the year Sarwadhari (22 May 1408) in Tallapaka, Near Rajampeta Mandalam, a village in present-day Annamayya district of Andhra Pradesh, India.[5] Even though his parents belonged to the Nandavarika Niyogi Brahmin community of Smarta tradition, he accepted initiation into Vaishnavism and became a Vaishnava of the Ramanuja Sri Vaishnava Sampradaya initiated by the Jeeyar of Ahobila Mutt which follows the vadakalai tradition.[6][7] His wife, Timmakka,[8] had written Subhadra Kalyanam, and is considered the first female poet in Telugu literature. Their son, Pedda Tirumalacharya, and grandson, Tallapaka Chinnayya, were also composers and poets. The Tallapaka compositions are considered to have dominated and influenced the structure of Carnatic music compositions.[3] Annamacharya lived for 95 years until Phalguna Bahula (Krishna) Dvadashi (12th day after full moon) in the year Dhundhubhi (4 April 1503).

A statue of Tallapaka Annamacharya situated at the Sarada River Park in Anakapalle, Andhra Pradesh.

Literary career

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10-story tall statue of Sri Tallapaka Annamacharya located at the entrance of Tallapaka.

Annamayya is said to have composed as many as 32,000 samkirtanas (songs) on the praise of Venkateswara of which only about 12,000 are available today. He is also the author of musical treatise called "Samkirthana lakshanamu".[1]

Annamayya considered his compositions as floral offerings to Venkateswara. In the poems, he praises the deity, describes his love for him, argues and quarrels with the deity, confesses the devotee's failures and apprehensions, and surrenders himself to Venkateswara. His songs are classified into the Adhyatma (spiritual) and Shringara (romantic) samkirtanas genres. His songs in the "Sringara" genre worship Venkateswara by describing the romantic adventures of Venkateswara and his consort Alamelu, while others describe the bhakti of his devotees.

In his later keertanas, he espouses subjects such as morality, dharma and righteousness. He was one of the first few who opposed the social stigma towards the untouchable castes in his era,[9] with his samkirtanas explaining that the relationship between God and humans is the same irrespective of the latter's colour, caste and financial status, in his songs "Brahmaṃ Okkatē Paraḥbrahmamokkatē" and "ē kulajuḍainanēmi evvaḍainanēmi". His prodigious literary career earned him a place among the all-time greats of Telugu literature.[10]

Legacy

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2004 Indian stamp of Annamacharya

While he enjoyed popularity in his days, his compositions were forgotten for over three centuries. Mentioned in 1849,[11] they were later found engraved on copper plates, hidden for centuries inside the Venkateswara temple at Tirumala, just opposite the Hundi, concealed in a very small room. An English translation of 150 of these verses was published in 2005.[12]

Tirumala Tirupati Devasthanams, also known as TTD, has been endeavouring to preserve the rich heritage of his compositions. In the year 1950, The State Government of Andhra Pradesh created a committee and appointed the musician late Dr. M. Balamuralikrishna as its head. He set music to over 800 compositions of Annamacharya. He was the Āsthāna Gāyaka of the Tirumala temple at Tirupati for two decades. He is regarded as a legend for rendering devotional music in classical style, especially the Annamacharya Sankirtanas. [citation needed] He was also an acclaimed poet, singer, and musicologist. In 1979, the singer Smt. M. S. Subbulakshmi's album Balaji Pancharatna Mala came up with Annamacharya keerthanas like Vande Vasudevam, Bhavamulona, Sriman Narayana and many more.[citation needed]

Shobha Raju is the first recipient of the Tirumala Tirupati Devasthanams scholarship in 1976 to study and set a trend for the propagation of Annamacharya's compositions, and was also chosen as the first exclusive artiste for the propagation of Tallapaka's compositions in 1978. Her first audio album, "Vēnkatēśvara Gīta Mālika" is globally popular among the Telugu community. She is the founder of Annamacharya Bhavana Vahini (ABV) in 1983, which is located in Hyderabad, India. She has been awarded Padmashri by the Government of India, in 2010 in recognition of her efforts to promote Annamayya Compositions. Garimella Balakrishna Prasad, a Carnatic music exponent and the Asthana Vidwan of Tirumala Tirupati Devasthanams has set tune to more than six hundred songs written by Annamacharya, gave audio recordings for TTD, published books with musical notations and conducted classes, teaching the songs to make them more popular.[citation needed]

In 1994, reputed Bharathanatyam artist Parvathi Ravi Ghantasala, also the daughter-in-law of the singer Ghantasala Venkateswara Rao, for the first time produced and presented a mammoth dance production as a tribute to the divine composer titled "Annamaiyah". Rare and popular songs were woven into a story format and music by stalwarts was set to action. This production was inaugurated by the former President of India R. Venkatraman and Bharat Ratna-winning singer M. S. Subbulakshmi and later that year for the Tirumala Brahmotsavam. In 2009, a DVD of the production was launched which included several places visited by the saint himself.[citation needed]

A Telugu film named Annamayya was made on him by K. Raghavendra Rao in 1997. It starred Nagarjuna in the lead role as Annamacharya and also featured Suman as Venkateswara and Bhanupriya as Goddess Padmavati in important roles.[citation needed]

In 2017, one of Annamayya's compositions, Brahmam Okate, became a YouTube sensation. As of early 2019, this video alone (produced by Kuldeep M. Pai) has garnered over 11 million views and made the child singers Sooryagayathri and Rahul Vellal household names for their flawless rendering of the classic keerthana. Professional singers P. Unnikrishnan[13] and Sreeranjini Kodampally[14] have their performances of the composition on YouTube.

Famous compositions

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This is a partial list of some of the most famous Tallapaka Annamacharya compositions.

Composition (Sorted Alphabetically) Raga Tala Music Set By Language Other Info
Adivō Alladivō Śriharivāsamu
అదివో అల్లదివో శ్రీహరివాసము		 Madhyamavati Adi Dr. Shobha Raju Telugu
Alara Cañcalamaina Ātmalanduṇḍa
అలర చంచలమైన ఆత్మలందుండ		 Rāga mālika khanDa cApu Garimella Balakrishna Prasad Telugu [15]
Alarulu Kuriayaga Āḍinadē
అలరులు కురియగ ఆడినదే		 Sankarabharanam Rallapalli Ananta Krishna Sharma Telugu
Anni mantramulu nindē yāvahiñcenu
అన్ని మంత్రములు ఇందే ఆవహించెనూ		 Amritavarshini Telugu [16]
Antarangamella Sri Hariki
"అంతరంగ మెళ్ళ శ్రీ హరికి'		 Adi (Tisra Nadaka) Nedunuri Krishnamurthy Telugu
Antaryāmi Alaśiti Solaśiti
అంతర్యామి అలసితి సొలసితి		 Shivaranjani Telugu
Bhāvayāmi Gōpālabālaṁ Manassēvitaṁ
భావయామి గోపాలబాలం మనస్సేవితం
Yamunā Kaḷyāṇi Khanda Chapu Kadayanallur Venkataraman Sanskrit [17]
Bhāvamulōna Bāhyamunandunu
భావములోన బాహ్యమునందును		 Śuddha Dhanyasi Adi Nedunuri Krishnamurthy Telugu [18]
Brahma Kaḍigina Pādamu
బ్రహ్మ కడిగిన పాదము		 Mukhāri Adi Rallapalli Ananta Krishna Sharma Telugu
Brahmam Okate
తందనాన అహి 		Bowli Adi Dr. Shobha Raju Telugu Tatva Prabōdha Keertana
Cakkani Talliki Chāngu Bhaḷā
చక్కని తల్లికి ఛాంగుభళా		 Telugu
Cāladā Harināma Saukhyāmr̥tamu
చాలదా హరినామ సౌఖ్యామృతము		 Telugu
Cēri Yaśōdaku Śiśuvitaḍu
చేరి యశోదకు శిశువితఁడు		 Mohanam Adi Telugu
Candamāma Rāve Jābilli Rāve
చందమామ రావే జాబిల్లి రావే		 Telugu
Dēvadēvaṁ Bhajē Divya Prabhāvaṁ
దేవదేవం భజే దివ్య ప్రభావం
देवदेवं भजे दिव्यप्रभावम्		 Hindolam Khanda Chapu Sripada Pinakapani Sanskrit
ḍōlāyāṁ Cālā ḍōlāyāṁ
డోలాయాం చల డోలాయాం		 Khamas Thisra Adi Telugu
ēmokō ciguruṭadharamuna eḍaneḍakastūri niṃḍenu
ఏమకో చిగురుటధరమున కస్తూరి నిండెను		 Telugu
ē Purāṇamuna Eṁta Vedakinā
ఏ పురాణమున ఎంత వెదకినా		 Telugu
GovindāŚrita Gōkula Br̥ndā
గోవిందాశ్రిత గోకుల బృందా		 Madhuvanti Telugu
Harināmame Kaḍu Ānandakaramu
హరినామమే కడు ఆనందకరము		 Jonpuri Telugu
Indariki Abhayammuliccu Cēyi
ఇందరికి అభయమ్ములిచ్చు చేయి		 Telugu
Ippuḍiṭu Kalagaṃṭi
ఇప్పుడిటు కలగంటి		 Telugu
Itarulaku Ninneruga Taramā
ఇతరులకు నిన్నెరుగ తరమా		 Telugu
Jō Acyutānanda Jō Jō Mukundā
జో అచ్యుతానంద జో జో ముకుందా		 Navroj Telugu [19]
Kanṭi Śukravāramu Gaḍiyalēḍiṁṭa
కంటి శుక్రవారము గడియలేడింట		 Telugu [20]
Koṁḍalalō Nelakonna Kōnēṭi Rāyaḍu Vāḍu
కొండలలో నెలకొన్న కోనేటి రాయడు వాడు		 Hindolam Telugu
kṣīrābdi kanyakaku Śrī Mahālakṣmikini
క్షీరాబ్ది కన్యకకు శ్రీ మహాలక్ష్మికిని		 Kurinji(raga) Khanda Chapu Telugu
Kulukaka Naḍavārō Kommalārā
కులుకక నడవరో కొమ్మలారా		 Atana Adi Telugu [21]
Madhava Kesava Madhusoodhana
మాధవ కేశవ మధుసూదన విష్ణు
माधव केशव मधुसूदना		 Kapi Adi Sanskrit
Mēdini Jīvula Gāva Mēlukōvayyā
మీదిని జీవుల గావ మేలుకోవయ్యా		 Telugu
Muddugārē Yaśōda Muṅgiṭa Mutayamu vīḍu
ముద్దుగారే యశోద ముంగిట ముత్యము వీడు		 Kuranji Adi Nedunuri Krishnamurthy Telugu [22]
Mūsina Mutyālakēlē Moragulu
మూసిన ముత్యాలకేలే మొరగులు		 Telugu
Nallani Mēni Nagavu Chūpulavāḍu
నల్లని మేని నగవు చూపులవాడు		 Telugu
Namo Namo Raghukula-naayaka (Sanskrit) Nattai Sanskrit
Nānāṭi Batuku Nāṭakamu
నానాటి బతుకు నాటకము		 Rēvati Adi Nedunuri Krishnamurthy Telugu
Nārāyaṇa Tē Namō Namō
నారాయణ తే నమో నమో
नारायण ते नमो नमो		 Bihag Adi ' Sanskrit
Neyyamullallō Nērēḷḷo Voyyana ūreḍi Uvviḷḷo
నెయ్యములల్లో నేరేళ్ళో వొయ్యన ఊరెడి ఉవ్విళ్ళో		 Telugu
Nitya Pūjalivivō Nericinānōhō
నిత్యపూజలివివో నేరిచినానోహో		 Telugu [23]
Paluku Tēnelatalli Pavaḷincenu
పలుకు తేనెలతల్లి పవళించెను		 Telugu
Poḍaganṭimayya mimmu Puruṣōttamā
పొడగంటిమయ్యా మిమ్ము పురుషోత్తమా		 Mohanam Adi Telugu
Śriman Narāyaṇā Śriman Narāyaṇā Nī Śri Pādamē Śaraṇu
శ్రీమన్నారాయణ శ్రీమన్నారాయణ నీ శ్రీపాదమే శరణు		 Bowli Adi Telugu
Rajīva Nētrāya Raghavāya Namō
రాజీవ నేత్రాయ రాఘవాయ నమో
राजीवनेत्राय राघवाय नमो		 Madhyamavathi Khanda Chapu K. J. Yesudas Sanskrit
Ramacandruḍitaḍu Raghuvīruḍu
రామచంద్రుడితడు రఘువీరుడు		 Telugu
Siruta Navvulavāḍu Sinnakka
సిరుత నవ్వులవాడు సిన్నక్కా		 Telugu
Ṣōḍaśa Kaḷānidhiki Ṣoḍaśōpacāramulu
షోడశ కళానిధికి షోడశోపచారములు		 Telugu
Tvamēva Śaraṇam
త్వమేవ శరణం
त्वमेव शरणम्		 Telugu
Vandēhaṁ Jagadvallabhaṁ
Sanskrit: वन्देहं जगद्वल्लभं
Telugu: వందేహం జగద్వల్లభం		 Hamsadhvani Khanda Chapu Sanskrit In praise of Venkaṭēśvara
Vandē Vāsudēvaṁ Śrīpatiṁ
వందే వాసుదేవం శ్రీపతిం
वन्दे वासुदेवं श्रीपतिम्		 Sri Khanda Chapu Sanskrit
Vēḍukoṁdāmā Vēṅkaṭagiri Veṅkaṭeśvaruni Veḍukoṁdāmā
వేడుకొందామా వేంకటగిరి వేంకటేశ్వరుని వేడుకొందామా		 Telugu
Vinnapālu Vinavale Viṁtaviṁtalu
విన్నపాలు వినవలె వింతవింతలు		 Telugu

అన్నమయ్య పాటలు (All Annamayya songs lyrics in Telugu Script)

See also

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References

[edit]
  1. ^ a b c "Life and Times of Sri Tallapaka Annamacharya". Svasa.org. Retrieved 20 June 2013.
  2. ^ Jackson (1999), p. 105.
  3. ^ a b Jackson (1999), p. 216.
  4. ^ Jackson (1999), p. 265.
  5. ^ "Pension for Annamayya's descendants". The Hindu. Chennai, India. 23 May 2008. Archived from the original on 5 August 2012.
  6. ^ The Illustrated Weekly of India, Volume 103, Issues 1-24. Bennett, Coleman & Company, Limited, at the Times of India Press. 1982. p. 30. Annamacharya became a Vaishnava in the Ramanujacharya Sampradaya.
  7. ^ William Joseph Jackson, ed. (1998). Songs of Three Great South Indian Saints. Oxford University Press. p. 36. ISBN 978-0-19-564655-9.
  8. ^ "Annamacharya's 600th birth anniversary celebrated". The Hindu. Chennai, India. 6 April 2009. Archived from the original on 4 June 2011.
  9. ^ "All are equal before God". The Hindu. Chennai, India. 14 July 2000. Archived from the original on 4 June 2011. Retrieved 5 June 2013.
  10. ^ "A classical touch to Annamayya kritis". The Hindu. Chennai, India. 5 February 2005. Archived from the original on 10 February 2005.
  11. ^ Campbell, AD (1849). A grammar of the Telugu language (3 ed.). Hindu Press. p. xiii.
  12. ^ Annamayya (2005). God on the Hill: Temple Poems from Tirupati. Translated by Velcheru Narayana Rao; David Shulman. Oxford University Press. ISBN 0-19-518284-7.
  13. ^ Archived at Ghostarchive and the Wayback Machine: r2kkartik (3 July 2011), Brahmamokate Unnikrishnan, retrieved 8 November 2018{{citation}}: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link)
  14. ^ Mathrubhumi Kappa TV (6 November 2018), Brahmam Okate - Sreeranjini Kodampally & Ralfin Stephen's Band - Music Mojo Season 6 - Kappa TV, archived from the original on 11 December 2021, retrieved 8 November 2018
  15. ^ "Alara chanchalamaina". Sahityam. 25 September 2009. Archived from the original on 17 March 2014. Retrieved 20 June 2013.
  16. ^ "Anni mantramulu". Sahityam. 7 November 2009. Archived from the original on 20 June 2013. Retrieved 20 June 2013.
  17. ^ "Bhavayami Gopalabalam". Sahityam. 6 July 2010. Archived from the original on 11 August 2013. Retrieved 20 June 2013.
  18. ^ "Bhavamulona bahyamunandunu". Sahityam. Archived from the original on 17 March 2014. Retrieved 20 June 2013.
  19. ^ "Jo achyutananda jo jo mukunda". Sahityam. 24 January 2012. Archived from the original on 27 May 2013. Retrieved 20 June 2013.
  20. ^ "Kanti sukravaramu". Sahityam. 9 June 2010. Archived from the original on 17 March 2014. Retrieved 20 June 2013.
  21. ^ "Kulukaka nadavaro". Sahityam. 19 October 2010. Archived from the original on 20 June 2013. Retrieved 20 June 2013.
  22. ^ "Muddugare yasoda". Sahityam. 2 October 2010. Archived from the original on 20 June 2013. Retrieved 20 June 2013.
  23. ^ "Nitya pujalivivO". Sahityam. 17 June 2010. Archived from the original on 20 June 2013. Retrieved 20 June 2013.

Further reading

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  • Jackson, William. 'Religious and Devotional Music: Southern Area' (1999). In Porter, James; Rice, Timothy; Goertzon, Chris. The Garland Encyclopedia of World Music. New York & London: Taylor & Francis.
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