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Jo Daviess County, Illinois

Coordinates: 42°22′N 90°13′W / 42.36°N 90.21°W / 42.36; -90.21
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This article is about the county in Illinois. For other counties with similar names, see Daviess County (disambiguation).

Jo Daviess County
County
Hill terrain in the county, part of the Driftless Area
Hill terrain in the county, part of the Driftless Area
Map of Illinois highlighting Jo Daviess County
Location within the U.S. state of Illinois
Map of the United States highlighting Illinois
Illinois's location within the U.S.
Coordinates: 42°22′N 90°13′W / 42.36°N 90.21°W / 42.36; -90.21
Country United States
State Illinois
Founded1827
Named forJoseph Hamilton Daveiss
SeatGalena
Largest cityGalena
Area
 • Total619 sq mi (1,600 km2)
 • Land601 sq mi (1,560 km2)
 • Water18 sq mi (50 km2)  2.9%
Population
 (2020)
 • Total22,035
 • Estimate 
(2023)
21,756 Decrease
 • Density36/sq mi (14/km2)
Time zoneUTC−6 (Central)
 • Summer (DST)UTC−5 (CDT)
Congressional district16th
Websitewww.jodaviesscountyil.gov

Jo Daviess County (/ˈdeɪvɪs/) is the northwesternmost county in the U.S. state of Illinois. According to the 2020 census, it had a population of 22,035.[1] Its county seat is Galena.[2] Jo Daviess County is part of the Tri-State Area and is located near Dubuque, Iowa and Platteville, Wisconsin. As part of the Driftless Area, Jo Daviess County contains rugged terrain compared to the rest of the state. Within Jo Daviess County lies Charles Mound, the highest natural point in Illinois, as well as eight of the ten highest points in Illinois.[3][4]

History

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Jo Daviess County was formed in 1827 out of Henry and Putnam counties. It is named for Maj. Joseph Hamilton Daveiss, United States District Attorney for Kentucky, who was killed in 1811 at the Battle of Tippecanoe.[5] The local pronunciation is "Davis". Jo Daviess County was founded exclusively by immigrants from New England. These were old stock "Yankee" immigrants, meaning they were descended from the English Puritans who settled New England in the 1600s. The completion of the Erie Canal caused a surge in New England immigration to what was then the Northwest Territory.

The end of the Black Hawk War led to an additional surge of immigration, once again coming almost exclusively from the six New England states as a result of overpopulation combined with land shortages in that region. Some of these later settlers were from upstate New York and had parents who had moved to that region from New England shortly after the Revolutionary War. New Englanders and New England transplants from upstate New York were the vast majority of Jo Daviess County's inhabitants during the first several decades of its history. These settlers were primarily members of the Congregational Church though due to the Second Great Awakening many of them had converted to Methodism and some had become Baptists before coming to what is now Jo Daviess County. The Congregational Church subsequently has gone through many divisions and some factions, including those in Jo Daviess County are now known as the Church of Christ and the United Church of Christ.

As a result of this heritage the vast majority of inhabitants in Jo Daviess County, much like antebellum New England were overwhelmingly in favor of the abolitionist movement during the decades leading up to the Civil War.[6]

In the late 1880s and early 1890s Irish and German migrants began moving into Jo Daviess County, most of these later immigrants did not move directly from Ireland and Germany, but rather from other areas in the Midwest where they had been living, particularly the state of Ohio.[7]

County border changes

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  • 1830 – The northern border of Illinois and Wisconsin was formally established. Until that time, several Wisconsin towns actually were under the jurisdiction of Jo Daviess County.[8]
  • 1831 – Rock Island County was formed from a part of the county, along with a new northern extension of Henry County and Putnam County.
  • 1836 – Whiteside, Ogle, and Winnebago counties were formed from the southern and eastern sections of the county.
  • 1837 – Stephenson County was formed from the eastern section of the county.
  • 1839 – Carroll County was formed from the southern section of the county.
  • Jo Daviess County at the time of its creation to 1831 (Wisconsin border adjustment not shown)
    Jo Daviess County at the time of its creation to 1831 (Wisconsin border adjustment not shown)
  • Jo Daviess between 1831 and 1836
    Jo Daviess between 1831 and 1836
  • Jo Daviess between 1836 and 1837. Whiteside and Ogle counties remained temporarily attached to Jo Daviess until county governments could be organized.[9]
    Jo Daviess between 1836 and 1837. Whiteside and Ogle counties remained temporarily attached to Jo Daviess until county governments could be organized.[9]
  • Jo Daviess between 1837 and 1839
    Jo Daviess between 1837 and 1839
  • Jo Daviess reduced to its current size in 1839 by the creation of Carroll County and the organization of a government in Whiteside County
    Jo Daviess reduced to its current size in 1839 by the creation of Carroll County and the organization of a government in Whiteside County

Geography

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Charles Mound, the highest natural point in Illinois at 1,235 ft (376 m), is located near Scales Mound in Jo Daviess County.

According to the U.S. Census Bureau, the county has a total area of 619 square miles (1,600 km2), of which 601 square miles (1,560 km2) is land and 18 square miles (47 km2) (2.9%) is water.[10]

Climate and weather

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Galena, Illinois
Climate chart (explanation)
J
F
M
A
M
J
J
A
S
O
N
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1.1
 
 
27
9
 
 
1.3
 
 
33
14
 
 
2.3
 
 
45
25
 
 
3.3
 
 
59
36
 
 
3.7
 
 
71
47
 
 
4.6
 
 
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3.3
 
 
84
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4.4
 
 
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3.6
 
 
74
51
 
 
2.5
 
 
62
39
 
 
2.6
 
 
45
27
 
 
1.6
 
 
32
16
█ Average max. and min. temperatures in °F
█ Precipitation totals in inches
Source: The Weather Channel[11]
Metric conversion
J
F
M
A
M
J
J
A
S
O
N
D
 
 
29
 
 
−3
−13
 
 
32
 
 
1
−10
 
 
58
 
 
7
−4
 
 
84
 
 
15
2
 
 
95
 
 
22
8
 
 
116
 
 
27
14
 
 
85
 
 
29
17
 
 
111
 
 
28
16
 
 
92
 
 
23
11
 
 
64
 
 
17
4
 
 
66
 
 
7
−3
 
 
41
 
 
0
−9
█ Average max. and min. temperatures in °C
█ Precipitation totals in mm

In recent years, average temperatures in the county seat of Galena have ranged from a low of 9 °F (−13 °C) in January to a high of 84 °F (29 °C) in July, although a record low of −35 °F (−37 °C) was recorded in February 1996 and a record high of 103 °F (39 °C) was recorded in August 1988. Average monthly precipitation ranged from 1.14 inches (29 mm) in January to 4.58 inches (116 mm) in June.[11]

Major highways

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In Illinois, US 20 is designated the General Ulysses S. Grant Highway (often abbreviated the U.S. Grant Memorial Highway) and is the longest route in the United States.[12] In eastern Jo Daviess County US 20 is one of the few areas that remain two-lane across the entire stretch of US 20. The road between Dubuque and Stockton was once known as the most dangerous stretch of road because of the hills and curves flanked by cliffs and valleys. Travelers were greeted with signs reminding them to drive carefully as they entered this stretch of road.

Adjacent counties

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National protected area

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State protected area

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Locally protected area

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Several areas are protected by the charitable organization Jo Daviess Conservation Foundation:[13]

Demographics

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Historical population
CensusPop.Note%±
18302,111—
18406,180192.8%
185018,604201.0%
186027,32546.9%
187027,8201.8%
188027,528−1.0%
189025,101−8.8%
190024,533−2.3%
191022,657−7.6%
192021,917−3.3%
193020,235−7.7%
194019,989−1.2%
195021,4597.4%
196021,8211.7%
197021,766−0.3%
198023,5208.1%
199021,821−7.2%
200022,2892.1%
201022,6911.8%
202022,035−2.9%
2023 (est.)21,756[14]−1.3%
U.S. Decennial Census[15]
1790-1960[16] 1900-1990[17]
1990-2000[18] 2010[19]
2000 census age pyramid for Jo Daviess County

As of the 2010 United States Census, there were 22,678 people, 9,753 households, and 6,514 families residing in the county.[20] The population density was 37.7 inhabitants per square mile (14.6/km2). There were 13,574 housing units at an average density of 22.6 per square mile (8.7/km2).[10] The racial makeup of the county was 97.2% white, 0.5% Black or African American, 0.3% Asian, 0.2% American Indian, 0.9% from other races, and 0.9% from two or more races. Those of Hispanic or Latino origin made up 2.7% of the population.[20] In terms of ancestry, 49.4% were German, 19.7% were Irish, 11.1% were English, and 8.5% were American.[21]

Of the 9,753 households, 25.3% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 55.9% were married couples living together, 7% had a female householder with no husband present, 33.2% were non-families, and 28.4% of all households were made up of individuals. The average household size was 2.31 and the average family size was 2.81. The median age was 47.1 years.[20]

The median income for a household in the county was $50,279 and the median income for a family was $60,381. Males had a median income of $38,372 versus $29,412 for females. The per capita income for the county was $26,819. About 5.6% of families and 8.4% of the population were below the poverty line, including 11.5% of those under age 18 and 6.4% of those age 65 or over.[22]

Communities

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Cities

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Villages

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Census-designated places

[edit]
Downtown Galena (the county seat) viewed from the U.S. Grant Home

Townships

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Jo Daviess County is divided into twenty-three townships:

Unincorporated communities

[edit]

Historic site

[edit]

Government and politics

[edit]

Jo Daviess County has a fairly typical Yankee Northern Illinois political history, although it has generally voted more Democratic than nearby rural counties. It voted Democratic only four times between 1856 and 1992: for Grover Cleveland in 1892, Woodrow Wilson in 1912, Franklin D. Roosevelt in 1932, and Lyndon B. Johnson in 1964. Between 1996 and 2016 Jo Daviess was a swing county, voting for the national winner each time. The 2020 results were: Donald Trump, 7,166 (57.3%), Joe Biden 5,109 (40.9%); Jo Jorgensen, 125 (1%), others 96 (0.8%).[23]

United States presidential election results for Jo Daviess County, Illinois[24]
Year Republican Democratic Third party(ies)
No.  % No.  % No.  %
2020 7,166 57.21% 5,109 40.79% 250 2.00%
2016 6,121 54.01% 4,462 39.37% 751 6.63%
2012 5,534 48.42% 5,667 49.58% 228 1.99%
2008 5,170 44.00% 6,403 54.49% 177 1.51%
2004 6,174 53.30% 5,311 45.85% 99 0.85%
2000 5,304 51.39% 4,585 44.42% 433 4.19%
1996 3,915 42.07% 4,171 44.82% 1,220 13.11%
1992 4,249 40.64% 4,044 38.68% 2,161 20.67%
1988 4,923 53.88% 4,141 45.32% 73 0.80%
1984 5,877 63.18% 3,348 35.99% 77 0.83%
1980 5,186 57.81% 2,678 29.85% 1,107 12.34%
1976 5,478 56.90% 3,979 41.33% 171 1.78%
1972 5,763 63.35% 3,318 36.47% 16 0.18%
1968 5,563 59.13% 3,228 34.31% 617 6.56%
1964 4,607 48.88% 4,818 51.12% 0 0.00%
1960 6,111 58.66% 4,293 41.21% 13 0.12%
1956 6,762 69.81% 2,906 30.00% 18 0.19%
1952 7,132 71.30% 2,858 28.57% 13 0.13%
1948 5,299 61.83% 3,220 37.57% 51 0.60%
1944 6,465 65.99% 3,298 33.66% 34 0.35%
1940 7,285 65.09% 3,864 34.52% 43 0.38%
1936 5,619 51.32% 5,079 46.38% 252 2.30%
1932 4,520 44.41% 5,497 54.01% 160 1.57%
1928 6,333 61.59% 3,856 37.50% 94 0.91%
1924 4,864 50.36% 1,477 15.29% 3,318 34.35%
1920 6,098 76.25% 1,604 20.06% 295 3.69%
1916 5,775 59.98% 3,505 36.40% 349 3.62%
1912 1,233 22.58% 2,226 40.77% 2,001 36.65%
1908 3,132 54.57% 2,310 40.25% 297 5.18%
1904 3,388 63.11% 1,598 29.77% 382 7.12%
1900 3,444 56.06% 2,543 41.40% 156 2.54%
1896 3,594 58.36% 2,391 38.83% 173 2.81%
1892 2,680 46.69% 2,793 48.66% 267 4.65%

Education

[edit]

School districts (all K-12) are:[25]

See also

[edit]

References

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  1. ^ "Jo Daviess County, Illinois". United States Census Bureau. Retrieved June 9, 2023.
  2. ^ "Find a County". National Association of Counties. Archived from the original on May 3, 2015. Retrieved June 7, 2011.
  3. ^ Peak Visor: Jo Daviess County Illinois.
  4. ^ Peak Visor: Illinois.
  5. ^ Gannett, Henry (1905). The Origin of Certain Place Names in the United States. Govt. Print. Off. pp. 169.
  6. ^ The History of Jo Daviess County, Illinois: Containing a History of the County, Its Cities, Towns, Etc., a Biographical Directory of Its Citizens, War Record of Its Volunteers in the Late Rebellion by H.F. Kett & Company, 1878.
  7. ^ The Early History of Northern Illinois by Charles Knapp Carpenter Ogle County Federation of Women's Clubs, 1948
  8. ^ "Jo Daviess County Court House". Archived from the original on October 13, 2008. Retrieved April 29, 2008. Jo Daviess County Courthouse: History Highlights
  9. ^ White, Jesse. Origin and Evolution of Illinois Counties. State of Illinois, March 2010. [1]
  10. ^ a b "Population, Housing Units, Area, and Density: 2010 - County". United States Census Bureau. Archived from the original on February 12, 2020. Retrieved July 12, 2015.
  11. ^ a b "Monthly Averages for Galena, Illinois". The Weather Channel. Retrieved January 27, 2011.
  12. ^ Ask the Rambler: What Is The Longest Road in the United States? Source published: June 27, 2017; accessed: July 20, 2022.
  13. ^ "Jo Daviess Conservation Foundation". Jo Daviess Conservation Foundation. Retrieved January 22, 2019.
  14. ^ "Annual Estimates of the Resident Population for Counties: April 1, 2020 to July 1, 2023". United States Census Bureau. Retrieved April 2, 2024.
  15. ^ "U.S. Decennial Census". United States Census Bureau. Retrieved July 6, 2014.
  16. ^ "Historical Census Browser". University of Virginia Library. Retrieved July 6, 2014.
  17. ^ "Population of Counties by Decennial Census: 1900 to 1990". United States Census Bureau. Retrieved July 6, 2014.
  18. ^ "Census 2000 PHC-T-4. Ranking Tables for Counties: 1990 and 2000" (PDF). United States Census Bureau. Archived (PDF) from the original on March 27, 2010. Retrieved July 6, 2014.
  19. ^ "State & County QuickFacts". United States Census Bureau. Archived from the original on August 6, 2011. Retrieved July 6, 2014.
  20. ^ a b c "DP-1 Profile of General Population and Housing Characteristics: 2010 Demographic Profile Data". United States Census Bureau. Archived from the original on February 13, 2020. Retrieved July 12, 2015.
  21. ^ "DP02 SELECTED SOCIAL CHARACTERISTICS IN THE UNITED STATES – 2006-2010 American Community Survey 5-Year Estimates". United States Census Bureau. Archived from the original on February 13, 2020. Retrieved July 12, 2015.
  22. ^ "DP03 SELECTED ECONOMIC CHARACTERISTICS – 2006-2010 American Community Survey 5-Year Estimates". United States Census Bureau. Archived from the original on February 13, 2020. Retrieved July 12, 2015.
  23. ^ jodaviess.org/index.asp?SEC={C886B00A-2B23-4BEF-8AEC-820A9C2E7CDB}&Type=B_BASIC. Jo Daviess County Clerk. {{cite web}}: Missing or empty |title= (help); Missing or empty |url= (help)
  24. ^ Leip, David. "Dave Leip's Atlas of U.S. Presidential Elections". uselectionatlas.org.
  25. ^ "2020 CENSUS - SCHOOL DISTRICT REFERENCE MAP: Jo Daviess County, IL" (PDF). U.S. Census Bureau. Retrieved October 29, 2024. - Text list
[edit]

42°22′N 90°13′W / 42.36°N 90.21°W / 42.36; -90.21

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