Jean Marchand

For other people named Jean Marchand, see Jean Marchand (disambiguation).

The Honourable Jean Marchand PC CC
Marchand, c. 1973
Minister of the Environment
In office January 22, 1976 – June 30, 1976
Prime Minister	Pierre Trudeau
Preceded by	Jeanne Sauvé
Succeeded by	Roméo LeBlanc (Acting)
Minister of Transport
In office November 27, 1972 – September 25, 1975
Prime Minister	Pierre Trudeau
Preceded by	Don Jamieson
Succeeded by	Otto Lang
Minister of Regional Economic Expansion
In office April 1, 1969 – November 26, 1972
Prime Minister	Pierre Trudeau
Preceded by	Office Established
Succeeded by	Don Jamieson
Minister of Forestry and Rural Development
In office July 6, 1968 – March 31, 1969
Prime Minister	Pierre Trudeau
Preceded by	Maurice Sauvé
Succeeded by	Office Abolished
Secretary of State for Canada
In office April 20, 1968 – July 5, 1968
Prime Minister	Pierre Trudeau
Preceded by	John Joseph Connolly (Acting)
Succeeded by	Gérard Pelletier
Minister of Manpower and Immigration
In office October 1, 1966 – July 5, 1968
Prime Minister	Lester B. Pearson Pierre Trudeau
Preceded by	Office Established
Succeeded by	Allan MacEachen
Minister of Citizenship and Immigration
In office December 18, 1965 – September 30, 1966
Prime Minister	Lester B. Pearson
Preceded by	John Robert Nicholson
Succeeded by	Office Abolished
Senator for De la Vallière, Quebec
In office December 9, 1976 – December 15, 1983
Appointed by	Pierre Trudeau
Preceded by	Romuald Bourque
Succeeded by	Pierre de Bané
Member of Parliament for Langelier
In office June 25, 1968 – October 25, 1976
Preceded by	Riding created
Succeeded by	Gilles Lamontagne
Member of Parliament for Quebec West
In office November 8, 1965 – June 24, 1968
Preceded by	Lucien Plourde
Succeeded by	Riding dissolved
Personal details
Born	(1918-12-20)December 20, 1918 Champlain, Quebec, Canada
Died	August 28, 1988(1988-08-28) (aged 69) Saint-Augustin-de-Desmaures, Quebec, Canada
Political party	Liberal
Spouse	Georgette Guertin ​ (m. 1942)​
Alma mater	Université Laval
Occupation	Unionist
Signature

Jean Marchand PC CC (December 20, 1918 – August 28, 1988) was a French Canadian public figure, trade unionist and politician in Quebec, Canada.

Life and career

During the 1949 Asbestos Strike in Quebec, Marchand led the striking workers as secretary of the Catholic Workers Confederation of Canada (CCCL). It was during this time that he met Pierre Trudeau. Marchand was approached to be a Liberal candidate in the federal election of 1963, but disagreements scuttled a run that year.

In the 1965 federal election, Marchand along with Gérard Pelletier and Pierre Trudeau, were persuaded to run as Liberal candidates. Dubbed the "Three Wise Men" in English, and les trois colombes (three doves) in French, they were seen as destined to shake Canadian politics. Trudeau and Pelletier were provided "safe" ridings in Montreal while Marchand won a hard fight in Quebec City for his riding. Marchand was given a post in the government of Prime Minister Lester B. Pearson promptly after winning the election. Under Pearson, he was appointed Minister of Citizenship and Immigration, and later of Manpower and Immigration by Prime Minister Pearson.

After Charles de Gaulle's infamous cry of "Vive le Québec Libre", the Cabinet met to decide the response. The French-speaking ministers, led by Jean Marchand, wanted Prime Minister Pearson to tell de Gaulle to go home. The English-speaking ministers, on the other hand, did not want to go that far: a public rebuke was sufficient.

When Pearson retired in 1968, Marchand was seen as the most likely and strongest Quebec candidate to replace him as Liberal leader and Prime Minister. However, he declined, claiming that his English was not good enough. It then fell upon Trudeau to make a credible run by a French Canadian for the leadership of the Liberal party. Trudeau won the Liberal leadership and the 1968 federal election.

Under Trudeau he held many senior portfolios. He was Minister of Forestry and Rural Development from 1968 to 1969, Minister of Regional Economic Expansion from 1969 to 1972, Minister of Transport from 1972 to 1975, a Minister without portfolio from 1975 to 1976, and Minister of the Environment in 1976.

In October 1976, he resigned his seat in the House of Commons over a disagreement with the government's position regarding the use of the French language by air traffic controllers in Quebec. Presenting himself as an opponent of the separatist program of the Parti Québécois, he stood as a Quebec Liberal Party candidate in the 1976 Quebec provincial election in the riding of Louis-Hébert but was defeated by Claude Morin of the PQ in an election that resulted in the Parti Québécois forming its first government.

One month after his defeat, Marchand was appointed to the Senate by Trudeau and became Speaker of the Senate of Canada in 1980. He resigned from the upper house in December 1983 in order to accept an appointment as president of the Canadian Transport Commission. Marchand was appointed a Companion of the Order of Canada in 1986.

1965 Canadian federal election: Quebec West
Party	Candidate	Votes
	Liberal	Jean Marchand	10,669
	Ralliement créditiste	Lucien Plourde	9,820
	Progressive Conservative	Jacques Lavoie	3,454
	New Democratic	Jean-Paul Bérubé	1,222
	Ouvrier indépendent	Adélard Patry	298

External links

• Jean Marchand – Parliament of Canada biography
• Order of Canada Citation
• Jean Marchand fonds, Library and Archives Canada.